@inproceedings{Krekhov2022Inter-57671,
  year={2022},
  doi={10.1145/3491102.3517661},
  title={Interpolating Happiness : Understanding the Intensity Gradations of Face Emojis Across Cultures},
  isbn={978-1-4503-9157-3},
  publisher={Association for Computing Machinery},
  address={New York},
  booktitle={CHI '22 : CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems},
  pages={1--17},
  editor={Barbosa, Simone and Lampe, Cliff and Appert, Caroline and Shamma, David A. and Drucker, Steven and Williamson, Julie and Yatani, Koji},
  author={Krekhov, Andrey and Emmerich, Katharina and Fuchs, Johannes and Krueger, Jens Harald}
}

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    <dc:creator>Fuchs, Johannes</dc:creator>
    <dc:date rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime">2022-05-30T08:51:02Z</dc:date>
    <dc:contributor>Krueger, Jens Harald</dc:contributor>
    <dc:contributor>Krekhov, Andrey</dc:contributor>
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    <dc:creator>Krueger, Jens Harald</dc:creator>
    <dc:creator>Emmerich, Katharina</dc:creator>
    <dcterms:title>Interpolating Happiness : Understanding the Intensity Gradations of Face Emojis Across Cultures</dcterms:title>
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    <dc:contributor>Emmerich, Katharina</dc:contributor>
    <dcterms:issued>2022</dcterms:issued>
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    <dc:contributor>Fuchs, Johannes</dc:contributor>
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    <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
    <dc:creator>Krekhov, Andrey</dc:creator>
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    <dcterms:abstract xml:lang="eng">We frequently utilize face emojis to express emotions in digital communication. But how wholly and precisely do such pictographs sample the emotional spectrum, and are there gaps to be closed? Our research establishes emoji intensity scales for seven basic emotions: happiness, anger, disgust, sadness, shock, annoyance, and love. In our survey (N = 1195), participants worldwide assigned emotions and intensities to 68 face emojis. According to our results, certain feelings, such as happiness or shock, are visualized by manifold emojis covering a broad spectrum of intensities. Other feelings, such as anger, have limited and only very intense representative visualizations. We further emphasize that the cultural background influences emojis’ perception: for instance, linear-active cultures (e.g., UK, Germany) rate the intensity of such visualizations higher than multi-active (e.g., Brazil, Russia) or reactive cultures (e.g., Indonesia, Singapore). To summarize, our manuscript promotes future research on more expressive, culture-aware emoji design.</dcterms:abstract>
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