Amalgamation of real zero polynomials

Abstract

With this article, we hope to launch the investigation of what we call the Real Zero Amalgamation Problem. Whenever a polynomial arises from another polynomial by substituting zero for some of its variables, we call the second polynomial an extension of the first one. The Real Zero Amalgamation Problem asks when two (multivariate real) polynomials have a common extension (called amalgam) that is a real zero polynomial. We show that the obvious necessary conditions are not sufficient. Our counterexample is derived in several steps from a counterexample to amalgamation of matroids by Poljak and Turzík. On the positive side, we show that even a degree-preserving amalgamation is possible in three very special cases with three completely different techniques. Finally, we conjecture that amalgamation is always possible in the case of two shared variables. The analogue in matroid theory is true by another work of Poljak and Turzík. This would imply a very weak form of the Generalized Lax Conjecture.