@article{Pliatsikas2021-03-29Bilin-53756,
  year={2021},
  doi={10.1038/s41598-021-86443-4},
  title={Bilingualism is a long-term cognitively challenging experience that modulates metabolite concentrations in the healthy brain},
  volume={11},
  journal={Scientific Reports},
  author={Pliatsikas, Christos and Pereira Soares, Sergio Miguel and Voits, Toms and DeLuca, Vincent and Rothman, Jason},
  note={Article Number: 7090}
}

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    <dc:contributor>Rothman, Jason</dc:contributor>
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    <dc:creator>DeLuca, Vincent</dc:creator>
    <dc:creator>Rothman, Jason</dc:creator>
    <dc:creator>Pereira Soares, Sergio Miguel</dc:creator>
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    <dc:creator>Voits, Toms</dc:creator>
    <dc:rights>Attribution 4.0 International</dc:rights>
    <dc:contributor>DeLuca, Vincent</dc:contributor>
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    <dc:contributor>Pereira Soares, Sergio Miguel</dc:contributor>
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    <dc:contributor>Pliatsikas, Christos</dc:contributor>
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    <dc:contributor>Voits, Toms</dc:contributor>
    <dcterms:abstract xml:lang="eng">Cognitively demanding experiences, including complex skill acquisition and processing, have been shown to induce brain adaptations, at least at the macroscopic level, e.g. on brain volume and/or functional connectivity. However, the neurobiological bases of these adaptations, including at the cellular level, are unclear and understudied. Here we use bilingualism as a case study to investigate the metabolic correlates of experience-based brain adaptations. We employ Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy to measure metabolite concentrations in the basal ganglia, a region critical to language control which is reshaped by bilingualism. Our results show increased myo-Inositol and decreased N-acetyl aspartate concentrations in bilinguals compared to monolinguals. Both metabolites are linked to synaptic pruning, a process underlying experience-based brain restructuring. Interestingly, both concentrations correlate with relative amount of bilingual engagement. This suggests that degree of long-term cognitive experiences matters at the level of metabolic concentrations, which might accompany, if not drive, macroscopic brain adaptations.</dcterms:abstract>
    <dcterms:title>Bilingualism is a long-term cognitively challenging experience that modulates metabolite concentrations in the healthy brain</dcterms:title>
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    <dc:creator>Pliatsikas, Christos</dc:creator>
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