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Introduction history mediates naturalization and invasiveness of cultivated plants

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Datum

2022

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Dehnen‐Schmutz, Katharina
Essl, Franz
Pergl, Jan
Pyšek, Petr
Kreft, Holger
Weigelt, Patrick

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Global Ecology and Biogeography. Wiley. 2022, 31(6), pp. 1104-1119. ISSN 1466-822X. eISSN 1466-8238. Available under: doi: 10.1111/geb.13486

Zusammenfassung

Aim:
Species characteristics and cultivation are both associated with alien plant naturalization and invasiveness. Particular species characteristics are favoured for cultivation, obscuring the relationship between traits and naturalization success. We sought to better understand the drivers of naturalization and invasiveness by analysing relationships with species characteristics and cultivation and by disentangling the direct effects of characteristics from the indirect effects mediated by cultivation.

Location:
Great Britain.

Time period:
c. 1000–present.

Major taxa studied:
Seed plants.

Methods:
We used a comprehensive dataset of 17,396 alien plant taxa introduced to Great Britain before 1850, a country with one of the most well-documented histories of plant introductions. We integrated this with cultivation data from historical and modern records from botanic gardens and commercial nurseries and with trait data. Accounting for time since introduction, we quantified the influences of cultivation and species characteristics on present-day naturalization and invasiveness in Great Britain.

Results:
Larger native range size, earlier flowering, long-lived herbaceous growth form, and outdoor cultivated habitat were all associated with naturalization. However, these relationships between characteristics and naturalization largely reflected cultivation patterns. The indirect, mediating influence of cultivation on naturalization varied among species characteristics, and was relatively strong for growth form and weak for native range size. Cultivation variables, particularly availability in present-day nurseries, best explained invasiveness, while species characteristics had weaker associations.

Main conclusions:
Human influence on species introduction and cultivation is associated with increased probability of naturalization and invasiveness, and it has measurable indirect effects by biasing the distribution of species characteristics in the pool of introduced species. Accounting for human cultivation preferences is necessary to make ecological interpretations of the effects of species characteristics on invasion.

Zusammenfassung in einer weiteren Sprache

Fachgebiet (DDC)
570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie

Schlagwörter

alien plants, cultivation, Great Britain, introduction history, invasion, mediation analysis, naturalization, planting frequency, propagule pressure, residence time

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ISO 690KINLOCK, Nicole L., Katharina DEHNEN‐SCHMUTZ, Franz ESSL, Jan PERGL, Petr PYŠEK, Holger KREFT, Patrick WEIGELT, Qiang YANG, Mark VAN KLEUNEN, 2022. Introduction history mediates naturalization and invasiveness of cultivated plants. In: Global Ecology and Biogeography. Wiley. 2022, 31(6), pp. 1104-1119. ISSN 1466-822X. eISSN 1466-8238. Available under: doi: 10.1111/geb.13486
BibTex
@article{Kinlock2022-06Intro-57022,
  year={2022},
  doi={10.1111/geb.13486},
  title={Introduction history mediates naturalization and invasiveness of cultivated plants},
  number={6},
  volume={31},
  issn={1466-822X},
  journal={Global Ecology and Biogeography},
  pages={1104--1119},
  author={Kinlock, Nicole L. and Dehnen‐Schmutz, Katharina and Essl, Franz and Pergl, Jan and Pyšek, Petr and Kreft, Holger and Weigelt, Patrick and Yang, Qiang and van Kleunen, Mark},
  note={NLK and MvK thank the German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) for funding (grants 264740629 and 432253815 to MvK).}
}
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    <dcterms:abstract xml:lang="eng">Aim:&lt;br /&gt;Species characteristics and cultivation are both associated with alien plant naturalization and invasiveness. Particular species characteristics are favoured for cultivation, obscuring the relationship between traits and naturalization success. We sought to better understand the drivers of naturalization and invasiveness by analysing relationships with species characteristics and cultivation and by disentangling the direct effects of characteristics from the indirect effects mediated by cultivation.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Location:&lt;br /&gt;Great Britain.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Time period:&lt;br /&gt;c. 1000–present.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Major taxa studied:&lt;br /&gt;Seed plants.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Methods:&lt;br /&gt;We used a comprehensive dataset of 17,396 alien plant taxa introduced to Great Britain before 1850, a country with one of the most well-documented histories of plant introductions. We integrated this with cultivation data from historical and modern records from botanic gardens and commercial nurseries and with trait data. Accounting for time since introduction, we quantified the influences of cultivation and species characteristics on present-day naturalization and invasiveness in Great Britain.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Results:&lt;br /&gt;Larger native range size, earlier flowering, long-lived herbaceous growth form, and outdoor cultivated habitat were all associated with naturalization. However, these relationships between characteristics and naturalization largely reflected cultivation patterns. The indirect, mediating influence of cultivation on naturalization varied among species characteristics, and was relatively strong for growth form and weak for native range size. Cultivation variables, particularly availability in present-day nurseries, best explained invasiveness, while species characteristics had weaker associations.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Main conclusions:&lt;br /&gt;Human influence on species introduction and cultivation is associated with increased probability of naturalization and invasiveness, and it has measurable indirect effects by biasing the distribution of species characteristics in the pool of introduced species. Accounting for human cultivation preferences is necessary to make ecological interpretations of the effects of species characteristics on invasion.</dcterms:abstract>
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NLK and MvK thank the German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) for funding (grants 264740629 and 432253815 to MvK).
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