@article{Kempf2023-06-20Fewfe-67474,
  year={2023},
  doi={10.1038/s42005-023-01269-y},
  title={Few-femtosecond phase-sensitive detection of infrared electric fields with a third-order nonlinearity},
  number={1},
  volume={6},
  journal={Communications Physics},
  author={Kempf, Hannes and Sulzer, Philipp and Liehl, Andreas and Leitenstorfer, Alfred and Tenne, Ron},
  note={Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)—Project-ID 425217212—SFB 1432 Article Number: 145}
}

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    <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
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    <dc:creator>Kempf, Hannes</dc:creator>
    <dc:contributor>Kempf, Hannes</dc:contributor>
    <dc:contributor>Liehl, Andreas</dc:contributor>
    <dc:rights>Attribution 4.0 International</dc:rights>
    <dc:creator>Tenne, Ron</dc:creator>
    <dcterms:available rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime">2023-08-02T07:59:34Z</dcterms:available>
    <dc:contributor>Leitenstorfer, Alfred</dc:contributor>
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    <dcterms:issued>2023-06-20</dcterms:issued>
    <dc:contributor>Sulzer, Philipp</dc:contributor>
    <dcterms:abstract>Measuring an electric field waveform beyond radio frequencies is often accomplished via a second-order nonlinear interaction with a laser pulse shorter than half of the field’s oscillation period. However, synthesizing such a gate pulse is extremely challenging when sampling mid- (MIR) and near- (NIR) infrared transients. Here, we demonstrate an alternative approach: a third-order nonlinear interaction with a relatively long multi-cycle pulse directly retrieves an electric-field transient whose central frequency is 156 THz. A theoretical model, exploring the different nonlinear frequency mixing processes, accurately reproduces our results. Furthermore, we demonstrate a measurement of the real part of a sample’s dielectric function, information that is challenging to retrieve in time-resolved spectroscopy and is therefore often overlooked. Our method paves the way towards experimentally simple MIR-to-NIR time-resolved spectroscopy that simultaneously extracts the spectral amplitude and phase information, an important extension of optical pump-probe spectroscopy of, e.g., molecular vibrations and fundamental excitations in condensed-matter physics.</dcterms:abstract>
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    <dc:creator>Sulzer, Philipp</dc:creator>
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