Individual and collective protective responses during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in 10 different countries : Results from the EUCLID online-survey

Abstract

Background: In times of unprecedented infectious disease threats, it is essential to understand how to increase individual protective behaviors and support for collective measures. The present study therefore examines factors associated with individual and collective pathways.Methods: Data was collected via an online survey from 4,483 participants (70.8% female, M=41.2 years) across 10 countries from April 15th to June 2nd, 2020, as part of the "EUCLID" project (https://euclid.dbvis.de). Structural equation modeling was used to examine individual and collective pathways across and within countries.Results: Overall, adoption of individual protective behaviors and support for collective measures were high. Risk perception on the individual level and perceived effectiveness at the collective level were positively associated with both individual protective behaviors and support for collective measures. Furthermore, the model explained considerable variance in individual (40.7%) and collective protective behaviors (40.8%), and was largely replicated across countries.Conclusions: The study extends previous research by demonstrating that individual risk perception and perceived effectiveness of collective measures jointly affect individual protective health behaviors and support for collective measures. These findings highlight the need to jointly consider a variety of behavioral actions against infectious disease threats acknowledging interactions between individual and collective pathways.