Anaerobic degradation of naphthalene and 2-methylnaphthalene by strains of marine sulfate-reducing bacteria
Anaerobic degradation of naphthalene and 2-methylnaphthalene by strains of marine sulfate-reducing bacteria
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2009
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Musat, Florin
Jacob, Jacob
Widdel, Friedrich
Kube, Michael
Reinhardt, Richard
Wilkes, Heinz
Rabus, Ralf
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Environmental Microbiology ; 11 (2009), 1. - pp. 209-219. - ISSN 1462-2912. - eISSN 1462-2920
Abstract
The anaerobic biodegradation of naphthalene, an aromatic hydrocarbon in tar and petroleum, has been repeatedly observed in environments but scarcely in pure cultures. To further explore the relationships and physiology of anaerobic naphthalene-degrading microorganisms, sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) were enriched from a Mediterranean sediment with added naphthalene. Two strains (NaphS3, NaphS6) with oval cells were isolated which showed naphthalene-dependent sulfate reduction. According to 16S rRNA gene sequences, both strains were Deltaproteobacteria and closely related to each other and to a previously described naphthalene-degrading sulfate-reducing strain (NaphS2) from a North Sea habitat. Other close relatives were SRB able to degrade alkylbenzenes, and phylotypes enriched anaerobically with benzene. If in adaptation experiments
the three naphthalene-grown strains were exposed to 2-methylnaphthalene, this compound was utilized after a pronounced lag phase, indicating that naphthalene did not induce the capacity for 2-methylnaphthalene degradation. Comparative denaturing gel electrophoresis of cells grown with naphthalene or 2-methylnaphthalene revealed a striking protein band which was only present upon growth with the latter substrate. Peptide sequences from this band perfectly matched those of a protein predicted from genomic libraries of the strains. Sequence similarity (50% identity) of the predicted protein to the
large subunit of the toluene-activating enzyme (benzylsuccinate synthase) from other anaerobic bacteria indicated that the detected protein is part of an
analogous 2-methylnaphthalene-activating enzyme. The absence of this protein in naphthalene-grown cells together with the adaptation experiments as well as isotopic metabolite differentiation upon growth with a mixture of d8-naphthalene and unlabelled 2-methylnaphthalene suggest that the marine strains do not metabolize naphthalene by initial methylation via 2-methylnaphthalene, a previously suggested mechanism. The inability to utilize 1-naphthol or 2-naphthol also excludes these compounds as free intermediates. Results leave open the possibility of naphthalene carboxylation, another previously suggested activation mechanism.
the three naphthalene-grown strains were exposed to 2-methylnaphthalene, this compound was utilized after a pronounced lag phase, indicating that naphthalene did not induce the capacity for 2-methylnaphthalene degradation. Comparative denaturing gel electrophoresis of cells grown with naphthalene or 2-methylnaphthalene revealed a striking protein band which was only present upon growth with the latter substrate. Peptide sequences from this band perfectly matched those of a protein predicted from genomic libraries of the strains. Sequence similarity (50% identity) of the predicted protein to the
large subunit of the toluene-activating enzyme (benzylsuccinate synthase) from other anaerobic bacteria indicated that the detected protein is part of an
analogous 2-methylnaphthalene-activating enzyme. The absence of this protein in naphthalene-grown cells together with the adaptation experiments as well as isotopic metabolite differentiation upon growth with a mixture of d8-naphthalene and unlabelled 2-methylnaphthalene suggest that the marine strains do not metabolize naphthalene by initial methylation via 2-methylnaphthalene, a previously suggested mechanism. The inability to utilize 1-naphthol or 2-naphthol also excludes these compounds as free intermediates. Results leave open the possibility of naphthalene carboxylation, another previously suggested activation mechanism.
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MUSAT, Florin, Alexander S. GALUSHKO, Jacob JACOB, Friedrich WIDDEL, Michael KUBE, Richard REINHARDT, Heinz WILKES, Bernhard SCHINK, Ralf RABUS, 2009. Anaerobic degradation of naphthalene and 2-methylnaphthalene by strains of marine sulfate-reducing bacteria. In: Environmental Microbiology. 11(1), pp. 209-219. ISSN 1462-2912. eISSN 1462-2920. Available under: doi: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2008.01756.xBibTex
@article{Musat2009Anaer-7542, year={2009}, doi={10.1111/j.1462-2920.2008.01756.x}, title={Anaerobic degradation of naphthalene and 2-methylnaphthalene by strains of marine sulfate-reducing bacteria}, number={1}, volume={11}, issn={1462-2912}, journal={Environmental Microbiology}, pages={209--219}, author={Musat, Florin and Galushko, Alexander S. and Jacob, Jacob and Widdel, Friedrich and Kube, Michael and Reinhardt, Richard and Wilkes, Heinz and Schink, Bernhard and Rabus, Ralf} }
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