Competition between perch (Perca fluviatilis) and ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernuus) : the advantage of turning night into day

Abstract

1. The outcome of interspecific competition for food resources depends both on the competitors sensory abilities and on environmental conditions. In labor-<br />atory experiments we tested the influence of daylight and darkness on feeding behaviour and specific growth rate (SGR) of two species with different sensory abilities.<br />2. We used perch (Perca fluviatilis) as a visually orientated, and ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernuus) as a mechano-sensory oriented predator and tested their growth rates and behaviour under conditions of interspecific and intraspecific competition. Three different foraging conditions were used: food supplied (i) only during the day, (ii) only during the night or (iii) during both day and night.<br />3. In perch neither SGR nor feeding behaviour were influenced substantially by<br />interspecific competition during daylight. During darkness their foraging behaviour changed markedly and their access to the food source as well as their SGR were negatively affected by the presence of ruffe.<br />4. Ruffe s foraging behaviour did not change during either day or night with interspecific competition. During the night ruffe s SGR was higher with interspecific competition, probably because of a release from intraspecific competition and the competitive inferiority of perch during the night.<br />5. Because of its seonsory abilities ruffe feeds predominantly at night, thereby reducing competitive interference from perch.