## Journal article: Anomalous Hall effect in magnetite : Universal scaling relation between Hall and longitudinal conductivity in low-conductivity ferromagnets

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May 8, 2008
##### Editors
Venkateshvaran, Deepak
Kaiser, Wolfgang
Boger, Andrea
Althammer, Matthias
Ramachandra Rao, M. S.
Opel, Matthias
Gross, Rudolf
Journal article
Published
##### Abstract
The anomalous Hall effect (AHE) has been studied systematically in the low-conductivity ferromagnetic oxide Fe3−xZnxO4 with x=0, 0.1, and 0.5. We used (001), (110), and (111) oriented epitaxial Fe3−xZnxO4 films grown on MgO and sapphire substrates in different oxygen partial pressure to analyze the dependence of the AHE on crystallographic orientation, Zn content, strain state, and oxygen deficiency. Despite substantial differences in the magnetic properties and magnitudes of the anomalous Hall conductivity σAHExy and the longitudinal conductivity σxx over several orders of magnitude, a universal scaling relation σAHExy∝σαxx with α=1.69±0.08 was found for all investigated samples. Our results are in agreement with recent theoretical and experimental findings for ferromagnetic metals in the dirty limit, where transport is by metallic conduction. We find the same scaling relation for magnetite, where hopping transport prevails. The fact that this relation is independent of crystallographic orientation, Zn content, strain state, and oxygen deficiency suggests that it is universal and particularly does not depend on the nature of the transport mechanism.
530 Physics
##### Published in
Physical Review B ; 78 (2008), 9. - 092405. - American Physical Society (APS). - ISSN 2469-9950. - eISSN 2469-9969
##### Cite This
ISO 690VENKATESHVARAN, Deepak, Wolfgang KAISER, Andrea BOGER, Matthias ALTHAMMER, M. S. RAMACHANDRA RAO, Sebastian T. B. GÖNNENWEIN, Matthias OPEL, Rudolf GROSS, 2008. Anomalous Hall effect in magnetite : Universal scaling relation between Hall and longitudinal conductivity in low-conductivity ferromagnets. In: Physical Review B. American Physical Society (APS). 78(9), 092405. ISSN 2469-9950. eISSN 2469-9969. Available under: doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.092405
BibTex
@article{Venkateshvaran2008-05-08T08:37:30ZAnoma-52512,
year={2008},
doi={10.1103/PhysRevB.78.092405},
title={Anomalous Hall effect in magnetite : Universal scaling relation between Hall and longitudinal conductivity in low-conductivity ferromagnets},
number={9},
volume={78},
issn={2469-9950},
journal={Physical Review B},
author={Venkateshvaran, Deepak and Kaiser, Wolfgang and Boger, Andrea and Althammer, Matthias and Ramachandra Rao, M. S. and Gönnenwein, Sebastian T. B. and Opel, Matthias and Gross, Rudolf},
note={Article Number: 092405}
}

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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="eng">The anomalous Hall effect (AHE) has been studied systematically in the low-conductivity ferromagnetic oxide Fe&lt;sub&gt;3−x&lt;/sub&gt;ZnxO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; with x=0, 0.1, and 0.5. We used (001), (110), and (111) oriented epitaxial Fe&lt;sub&gt;3−x&lt;/sub&gt;Zn&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; films grown on MgO and sapphire substrates in different oxygen partial pressure to analyze the dependence of the AHE on crystallographic orientation, Zn content, strain state, and oxygen deficiency. Despite substantial differences in the magnetic properties and magnitudes of the anomalous Hall conductivity σ&lt;sup&gt;AHE&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sub&gt;xy&lt;/sub&gt; and the longitudinal conductivity σ&lt;sub&gt;xx&lt;/sub&gt; over several orders of magnitude, a universal scaling relation σ&lt;sup&gt;AHE&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sub&gt;xy&lt;/sub&gt;∝σ&lt;sup&gt;α&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sub&gt;xx&lt;/sub&gt; with α=1.69±0.08 was found for all investigated samples. Our results are in agreement with recent theoretical and experimental findings for ferromagnetic metals in the dirty limit, where transport is by metallic conduction. We find the same scaling relation for magnetite, where hopping transport prevails. The fact that this relation is independent of crystallographic orientation, Zn content, strain state, and oxygen deficiency suggests that it is universal and particularly does not depend on the nature of the transport mechanism.</dcterms:abstract>
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