How superdiffusion gets arrested : ecological encounters explain shift from Lévy to Brownian movement
How superdiffusion gets arrested : ecological encounters explain shift from Lévy to Brownian movement
Date
2014
Authors
de Jager, Monique
Bartumeus, Frederic
Weissing, Franz J.
Hengeveld, Geerten M.
Nolet, Bart A.
Herman, Peter M. J.
van de Koppel, Johan
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Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B : Biological Sciences ; 281 (2014), 1774. - 20132605. - ISSN 0962-8452. - eISSN 1471-2954
Abstract
Ecological theory uses Brownian motion as a default template for describing ecological movement, despite limited mechanistic underpinning. The generality of Brownian motion has recently been challenged by empirical studies that highlight alternative movement patterns of animals, especially when foraging in resource-poor environments. Yet, empirical studies reveal animals moving in a Brownian fashion when resources are abundant. We demonstrate that Einstein's original theory of collision-induced Brownian motion in physics provides a parsimonious, mechanistic explanation for these observations. Here, Brownian motion results from frequent encounters between organisms in dense environments. In density-controlled experiments, movement patterns of mussels shifted from Lévy towards Brownian motion with increasing density. When the analysis was restricted to moves not truncated by encounters, this shift did not occur. Using a theoretical argument, we explain that any movement pattern approximates Brownian motion at high-resource densities, provided that movement is interrupted upon encounters. Hence, the observed shift to Brownian motion does not indicate a density-dependent change in movement strategy but rather results from frequent collisions. Our results emphasize the need for a more mechanistic use of Brownian motion in ecology, highlighting that especially in rich environments, Brownian motion emerges from ecological interactions, rather than being a default movement pattern.
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570 Biosciences, Biology
Keywords
Mytilus edulis, Lévy walk, Brownian motion, resource density, search efficiency, animal movement
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DE JAGER, Monique, Frederic BARTUMEUS, Andrea KÖLZSCH, Franz J. WEISSING, Geerten M. HENGEVELD, Bart A. NOLET, Peter M. J. HERMAN, Johan VAN DE KOPPEL, 2014. How superdiffusion gets arrested : ecological encounters explain shift from Lévy to Brownian movement. In: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B : Biological Sciences. 281(1774), 20132605. ISSN 0962-8452. eISSN 1471-2954. Available under: doi: 10.1098/rspb.2013.2605BibTex
@article{deJager2014-01-07super-47708, year={2014}, doi={10.1098/rspb.2013.2605}, title={How superdiffusion gets arrested : ecological encounters explain shift from Lévy to Brownian movement}, number={1774}, volume={281}, issn={0962-8452}, journal={Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B : Biological Sciences}, author={de Jager, Monique and Bartumeus, Frederic and Kölzsch, Andrea and Weissing, Franz J. and Hengeveld, Geerten M. and Nolet, Bart A. and Herman, Peter M. J. and van de Koppel, Johan}, note={Article Number: 20132605} }
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