@article{Bitter2018-08-31Organ-43093,
  year={2018},
  doi={10.1021/acsomega.8b01405},
  title={Organometallic, Nonclassical Surfactant with Gemini Design Comprising π-Conjugated Constituents Ready for Modification},
  number={8},
  volume={3},
  journal={ACS Omega},
  pages={8854--8864},
  author={Bitter, Stefan and Kunkel, Marius and Burkart, Lisa and Mang, André and Winter, Rainer F. and Polarz, Sebastian}
}

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    <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
    <dc:contributor>Winter, Rainer F.</dc:contributor>
    <dc:contributor>Polarz, Sebastian</dc:contributor>
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    <dc:contributor>Mang, André</dc:contributor>
    <dc:contributor>Burkart, Lisa</dc:contributor>
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    <dc:creator>Winter, Rainer F.</dc:creator>
    <dc:creator>Polarz, Sebastian</dc:creator>
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    <dc:contributor>Kunkel, Marius</dc:contributor>
    <dcterms:abstract xml:lang="eng">Surfactants are functional molecules comprising a water-compatible head group and a hydrophobic tail. One of their features is the formation of self-assembled structures in contact with water, for instance, micelles, vesicles, or lyotropic liquid crystals. One way to increase the functionality of surfactants is to implement moieties containing transition-metal species. Ferrocene-based surfactants represent an excellent example because of the distinguished redox features. In most existing ferrocene-based amphiphiles, an alkyl chain is classically used as the hydrophobic tail. We report the synthesis and properties of 1-triisopropylsilylethynyl-1′-trimethylammoniummethylferrocene (FcNMe&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;TIPS). In FcNMe&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;TIPS, ferrocene is part of the head group (Gemini design) but is also attached to a (protected) π-conjugated ethynyl group. Although this architecture differs from that of classical amphiphiles and those of other ferrocene-based amphiphiles, the compound shows marked surfactant properties comparable to those of lipids, exhibiting a very low value of critical aggregation concentration in water (cac = 0.03 mM). It forms classical micelles only in a very narrow concentration range, which then convert into monolayer vesicles. Unlike classical surfactants, aggregates already form at a very low concentration, far beneath that required for the formation of a monolayer at the air–water interface. At even higher concentration, FcNMe&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;TIPS forms lyotropic liquid crystals, not only in contact with water, but also in a variety of organic solvents. As an additional intriguing feature, FcNMe&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;TIPS is amenable to a range of further modification reactions. The TIPS group is easily cleaved, and the resulting ethynyl function can be used to construct heterobimetallic platinum-ferrocene conjugates with trans-Pt(PEt&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;)&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;X (X = Cl, I) complex entities, leading to a heterobimetallic surfactant. We also found that the benzylic α-position of FcNMe&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;TIPS is rather reactive and that the attached ammonium group can be exchanged by other substituents (e.g., −CN), which offers additional opportunities for further functionalization. Although FcNMe&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;TIPS is reversibly oxidized in voltammetric and UV–vis spectroelectrochemical experiments, the high reactivity at the α-position is also responsible for the instability of the corresponding ferrocenium ion, leading to a polymerization reaction.</dcterms:abstract>
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    <dc:creator>Mang, André</dc:creator>
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    <dcterms:title>Organometallic, Nonclassical Surfactant with Gemini Design Comprising π-Conjugated Constituents Ready for Modification</dcterms:title>
    <dc:creator>Bitter, Stefan</dc:creator>
    <dc:contributor>Bitter, Stefan</dc:contributor>
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