@article{Beis2018-09norep-42868,
  year={2018},
  doi={10.1097/PSY.0000000000000620},
  title={The role of norepinephrine and alpha-adrenergic receptors in acute stress-induced changes in granulocytes and monocytes},
  number={7},
  volume={80},
  issn={0033-3174},
  journal={Psychosomatic medicine},
  pages={649--658},
  author={Beis, Daniel and von Känel, Roland and Heimgartner, Nadja and Zuccarella-Hackl, Claudia and Bürkle, Alexander and Ehlert, Ulrike and Wirtz, Petra H.}
}

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    <dc:date rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime">2018-07-17T11:04:06Z</dc:date>
    <dc:contributor>Beis, Daniel</dc:contributor>
    <dc:creator>Zuccarella-Hackl, Claudia</dc:creator>
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    <dcterms:abstract xml:lang="eng">Objective Acute stress induces redistribution of circulating leucocytes in humans. Whereas effects on lymphocytes as adaptive immune cells are well-understood, the mechanisms underlying stress effects on granulocytes and monocytes as innate immune blood cells are still elusive. We investigated whether the stress hormone norepinephrine (NE) and α-adrenergic receptors (α-ADRs) may play a mediating role.&lt;br /&gt;Methods In a stress study, we cross-sectionally tested in 44 healthy men for associations between stress-induced NE increases and simultaneous granulocyte and monocyte cell count increases, as measured immediately before and several times after the Trier Social Stress Test. In a subsequent infusion study, 21 healthy men participated in three different experimental trials with sequential infusions of 1 and 15-min duration with varying substances [saline as placebo, the non-specific α-ADR blocker phentolamine (2.5mg/min), and NE (5μg/min)]: trial1=saline+saline, trial2=saline+NE, trial3=phentolamine+NE. Granulocyte and monocyte cell numbers were assessed before, immediately after, 10min, and 30min after infusion procedures.&lt;br /&gt;Results In the stress study, higher NE related to higher neutrophil stress changes (β=.31,p=.045, R2change=.09), but not epinephrine stress changes. In the infusion study, saline+NE induced significant increases in neutrophil (F(3/60)=43.50,p&lt;.001,η&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;=.69) and monocyte (F(3/60)=18.56,p&lt;.001,η sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;=.48) numbers compared to saline+saline. With phentolamine+NE, neutrophil (F(3/60)=14.41,p&lt;.001,η&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;=.42) and monocyte counts (F(2.23/44.6)=4.32,p=.016,η&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;=.18) remained increased compared to saline+saline but were lower compared to saline+NE (neutrophils: F(3/60)=19.55,p&lt;.001,η &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;=.494, monocytes: F(3/60)=2.54,p=.065,η&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;=.11) indicating partial mediation by α-ADRs. Trials did not differ in eosinophil and basophil count reactivity.&lt;br /&gt;Conclusions Our findings suggest that NE-induced immediate increases in neutrophil and monocyte numbers resemble psychosocial stress effects and can be reduced by blockade of α-ADRs.</dcterms:abstract>
    <dc:rights>terms-of-use</dc:rights>
    <dcterms:issued>2018-09</dcterms:issued>
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    <dc:creator>Wirtz, Petra H.</dc:creator>
    <dc:contributor>Zuccarella-Hackl, Claudia</dc:contributor>
    <dc:contributor>Heimgartner, Nadja</dc:contributor>
    <dcterms:title>The role of norepinephrine and alpha-adrenergic receptors in acute stress-induced changes in granulocytes and monocytes</dcterms:title>
    <dc:contributor>Ehlert, Ulrike</dc:contributor>
    <dc:creator>von Känel, Roland</dc:creator>
    <dc:creator>Beis, Daniel</dc:creator>
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    <dc:creator>Bürkle, Alexander</dc:creator>
    <dc:contributor>Bürkle, Alexander</dc:contributor>
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    <dc:contributor>Wirtz, Petra H.</dc:contributor>
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    <dc:creator>Heimgartner, Nadja</dc:creator>
    <dc:contributor>von Känel, Roland</dc:contributor>
    <dc:creator>Ehlert, Ulrike</dc:creator>
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    <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
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