Male Cone Evolution in Conifers : Not All That Simple

Schulz, Christian; Klaus, Kristina Vanessa; Knopf, Patrick; Mundry, Marcus; Dörken, Veit; Stützel, Thomas

Male Cone Evolution in Conifers : Not All That Simple

Files

Schulz_0-383979.pdf(5.37 MB)

Date

2014

Authors

Schulz, Christian

Klaus, Kristina Vanessa

Knopf, Patrick

Mundry, Marcus

Dörken, Veit

Stützel, Thomas

Publication type

Journal article

Publication status

Published

Published in

American Journal of Plant Sciences ; 5 (2014), 18. - pp. 2842-2857. - ISSN 2158-2742. - eISSN 2158-2750

Abstract

Despite the simple structure of male conifer cones, there is an enormous variability in cone properties observed upon more careful examination. The diversity ranges from simple cones to compound cones. Moreover, cones can be distinguished according to different spatial distributions on the tree. Simple cones are distributed either as solitary cones or as fascicular or clustered aggregations, while compound cones only exhibit fascicular or clustered aggregations. Here, we demonstrate that these different spatial distribution patterns correlate with distinct leaf types and variable branching frequencies. Furthermore, we provide new insights into the evolution of the sporangiophore, particularly in Taxaceae. Two notably important and fast-evolving characters of conifers are the number of sporangia per sporangiophore and the number of sporangiophores per cone. We demonstrate, across many species and types of cones, how these characters are able to adjust according to the optimal amount of pollen.

Subject (DDC)

570 Biosciences, Biology

Keywords

Pollen Cone, Phylogeny, Gymnosperms, Compound Cone, Microsporophyll

Cite This

ISO 690

SCHULZ, Christian, Kristina Vanessa KLAUS, Patrick KNOPF, Marcus MUNDRY, Veit DÖRKEN, Thomas STÜTZEL, 2014. Male Cone Evolution in Conifers : Not All That Simple. In: American Journal of Plant Sciences. 5(18), pp. 2842-2857. ISSN 2158-2742. eISSN 2158-2750. Available under: doi: 10.4236/ajps.2014.518300

BibTex

@article{Schulz2014Evolu-38950,
  year={2014},
  doi={10.4236/ajps.2014.518300},
  title={Male Cone Evolution in Conifers : Not All That Simple},
  number={18},
  volume={5},
  issn={2158-2742},
  journal={American Journal of Plant Sciences},
  pages={2842--2857},
  author={Schulz, Christian and Klaus, Kristina Vanessa and Knopf, Patrick and Mundry, Marcus and Dörken, Veit and Stützel, Thomas}
}

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Bibliography of Konstanz

Yes