@article{Juster2015-04Sexua-38363,
  year={2015},
  doi={10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.08.013},
  title={Sexual Orientation Modulates Endocrine Stress Reactivity},
  number={7},
  volume={77},
  issn={0006-3223},
  journal={Biological Psychiatry},
  pages={668--676},
  author={Juster, Robert-Paul and Hatzenbuehler, Mark L. and Mendrek, Adrianna and Pfaus, James G. and Smith, Nathan Grant and Johnson, Philip Jai and Lefebvre-Louis, Jean-Philippe and Raymond, Catherine and Marin, Marie-France and Pruessner, Jens C.}
}

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    <dc:creator>Pfaus, James G.</dc:creator>
    <dcterms:title>Sexual Orientation Modulates Endocrine Stress Reactivity</dcterms:title>
    <dc:contributor>Johnson, Philip Jai</dc:contributor>
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    <dc:creator>Pruessner, Jens C.</dc:creator>
    <dc:contributor>Pruessner, Jens C.</dc:contributor>
    <dc:contributor>Lefebvre-Louis, Jean-Philippe</dc:contributor>
    <dc:contributor>Hatzenbuehler, Mark L.</dc:contributor>
    <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
    <dc:creator>Johnson, Philip Jai</dc:creator>
    <dc:creator>Marin, Marie-France</dc:creator>
    <dc:contributor>Raymond, Catherine</dc:contributor>
    <dc:contributor>Pfaus, James G.</dc:contributor>
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    <dc:creator>Mendrek, Adrianna</dc:creator>
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    <dc:contributor>Marin, Marie-France</dc:contributor>
    <dcterms:issued>2015-04</dcterms:issued>
    <dc:contributor>Smith, Nathan Grant</dc:contributor>
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    <dc:creator>Hatzenbuehler, Mark L.</dc:creator>
    <dc:creator>Smith, Nathan Grant</dc:creator>
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    <dc:date rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime">2017-04-06T08:00:28Z</dc:date>
    <dc:creator>Juster, Robert-Paul</dc:creator>
    <dc:contributor>Juster, Robert-Paul</dc:contributor>
    <dc:creator>Lefebvre-Louis, Jean-Philippe</dc:creator>
    <dc:creator>Raymond, Catherine</dc:creator>
    <dc:contributor>Mendrek, Adrianna</dc:contributor>
    <dcterms:abstract xml:lang="eng">Background&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Biological sex differences and sociocultural gender diversity influence endocrine stress reactivity. Although numerous studies have shown that men typically activate stronger stress responses than women when exposed to laboratory-based psychosocial stressors, it is unclear whether sexual orientation further modulates stress reactivity. Given that lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals frequently report heightened distress secondary to stigma-related stressors, we investigated whether cortisol stress reactivity differs between LGB individuals and heterosexual individuals in response to a well-validated psychosocial stressor.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Methods&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The study population comprised 87 healthy adults (mean age, 25 years) who were grouped according to their biological sex and their gendered sexual orientation: lesbian/bisexual women (n = 20), heterosexual women (n = 21), gay/bisexual men (n = 26), and heterosexual men (n = 20). Investigators collected 10 salivary cortisol samples throughout a 2-hour afternoon visit involving exposure to the Trier Social Stress Test modified to maximize between-sex differences.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Results&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Relative to heterosexual women, lesbian/bisexual women showed higher cortisol stress reactivity 40 min after exposure to the stressor. In contrast, gay/bisexual men displayed lower overall cortisol concentrations throughout testing compared with heterosexual men. Main findings were significant while adjusting for sex hormones (estradiol-to-progesterone ratio in women and testosterone in men), age, self-esteem, and disclosure status (whether LGB participants had completed their “coming out”).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Conclusions&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Our results provide novel evidence for gender-based modulation of cortisol stress reactivity based on sexual orientation that goes beyond well-established between-sex differences. This study raises several important avenues for future research related to the physiologic functioning of LGB populations and gender diversity more broadly.</dcterms:abstract>
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