The spotted gar genome illuminates vertebrate evolution and facilitates human-teleost comparisons

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2016
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Braasch, Ingo
Gehrke, Andrew R.
Smith, Jeramiah J.
Kawasaki, Kazuhiko
Pasquier, Jeremy
Amores, Angel
Postlethwait, John H.
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Nature Genetics ; 48 (2016), 4. - pp. 427-437. - ISSN 1061-4036. - eISSN 1546-1718
Abstract
To connect human biology to fish biomedical models, we sequenced the genome of spotted gar (Lepisosteus oculatus), whose lineage diverged from teleosts before teleost genome duplication (TGD). The slowly evolving gar genome has conserved in content and size many entire chromosomes from bony vertebrate ancestors. Gar bridges teleosts to tetrapods by illuminating the evolution of immunity, mineralization and development (mediated, for example, by Hox, ParaHox and microRNA genes). Numerous conserved noncoding elements (CNEs; often cis regulatory) undetectable in direct human-teleost comparisons become apparent using gar: functional studies uncovered conserved roles for such cryptic CNEs, facilitating annotation of sequences identified in human genome-wide association studies. Transcriptomic analyses showed that the sums of expression domains and expression levels for duplicated teleost genes often approximate the patterns and levels of expression for gar genes, consistent with subfunctionalization. The gar genome provides a resource for understanding evolution after genome duplication, the origin of vertebrate genomes and the function of human regulatory sequences.
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ISO 690BRAASCH, Ingo, Andrew R. GEHRKE, Jeramiah J. SMITH, Kazuhiko KAWASAKI, Tereza MANOUSAKI, Jeremy PASQUIER, Angel AMORES, Shaohua FAN, Axel MEYER, John H. POSTLETHWAIT, 2016. The spotted gar genome illuminates vertebrate evolution and facilitates human-teleost comparisons. In: Nature Genetics. 48(4), pp. 427-437. ISSN 1061-4036. eISSN 1546-1718. Available under: doi: 10.1038/ng.3526
BibTex
@article{Braasch2016spott-34027,
  year={2016},
  doi={10.1038/ng.3526},
  title={The spotted gar genome illuminates vertebrate evolution and facilitates human-teleost comparisons},
  number={4},
  volume={48},
  issn={1061-4036},
  journal={Nature Genetics},
  pages={427--437},
  author={Braasch, Ingo and Gehrke, Andrew R. and Smith, Jeramiah J. and Kawasaki, Kazuhiko and Manousaki, Tereza and Pasquier, Jeremy and Amores, Angel and Fan, Shaohua and Meyer, Axel and Postlethwait, John H.}
}
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