Type of Publication: | Dissertation |
URI (citable link): | http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:352-opus-9926 |
Author: | Assadollahi, Ramin |
Year of publication: | 2002 |
Title in another language: | Psychophysiologische Korrelate der Sprachverarbeitung im menschlichen Gehirn |
Summary: |
Cells that fire together, wire together. Donald Hebb introduced this learning principle in 1949 (Hebb, 1949). He named ensembles of neurons connected by this principle Cell Assemblies . Using the psychophysiological method of magnetoencephalography (MEG), the present work scrutinised linguistic aspects of single words on the background of Hebb s principle. Features under investigation were the orthographic word length, the familiarity of a word, its meaning, some of its syntactic features and its phonetic transcription. With the help of topography and timing of the word evoked brain responses it can be speculated about a time-line of word-processing: First, from 60ms after stimulus-onset on visual features of words are analyzed. Signatures of semantic processes can be measured from 80ms on whereas word frequency gains influence on the brain response from 120ms. Finally, syntactic processes become evident from 140ms. The reported processing cascade indicates that the brain can work on words very early after stimulus onset. Based on these findings, architectural implications and applications on other linguistic aspects are proposed in the (intentionally highly speculative) introduction. As experimental paradigms we used a active memory task, a passive reading task and a Mismatch Negativity (MMN, or, more precisely, its magnetic equivalent MMNm). Data analysis methods used in this work comprised the analysis of averaged raw data, its Minimum Norm Estimate (MNE) and the wavelet convolution of the continuous MNE. Statistical analysis was performed either on the global field power (GFP) or on regions of interest (ROI) of channels (raw data) or assumed dipoles (MNE).
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Summary in another language: |
Nervenzellen, die gleichzeitig aktiv sind, verbinden sich. Donald Hebb führte diese Lernregel 1949 (Hebb, 1949) ein und benannte Ensembles von Neuronen, die durch dieses Prinzip verbunden sind Cell Assemblies . Die vorliegende Arbeit untersuchte linguistische Aspekte von einzelnen Wörtern psychophysiologisch mit dem Magnetoenzephalogramm (MEG). Untersuchte Eigenschaften waren die orthographische Länge von Wörtern, ihre Häufigkeit, ihre Bedeutung, einige ihrer syntaktischen Eigenschaften und ihre phonetische Transkription. Mit Hilfe der Topographie und der zeitlichen Abfolge wortevozierter Hirnantworten kann nun über eine Abfolge der Wortverarbeitung spekuliert werden: Zunächst werden ab 60ms nach dem Stimulus-Onset visuelle Eigenschaften eines Wortes analysiert. Einflüsse von semantischen Prozessen können ab 80ms gemessen werden, wohingegen die Worthäufigkeit ab 120ms die Hirnantwort beeinflusst. Und zuletzt, ab 140ms, werden syntaktische Eigenschaften eines Wortes evident. Die vorgestellte Verarbeitungskaskade macht den Eindruck, dass das menschliche Gehirn bereits sehr früh nach dem Stimulus-Onset ein Wort zu verarbeiten beginnt. Basierend auf diesen Befunden werden in der (bewusst hochspekulativen) Einleitung architektonische Implikationen und Anwendungen auf andere linguistische Aspekte vorgeschlagen. Als experimentelle Paradigmen wurden ein active memory task, ein passive reading task und die Mismatch Negativity (MMN, bzw. ihr magnetisches Äquivalent MMNm) benutzt. Die in dieser Arbeit angewandten Datenanalysemethoden umfassten die Analyse der gemittelten Rohdaten, ihre Minimum Norm Schätzung (MNE) sowie die Wavelet Konvolution der kontinuierlichen MNE. Statistische Analysen basierten auf der Global Field Power (GFP) oder Regions of Interest (ROI) von Kanälen oder angenommenen Dipolen (MNE).
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Examination date (for dissertations): | Feb 24, 2003 |
Dissertation note: | Doctoral dissertation, University of Konstanz |
Subject (DDC): | 150 Psychology |
Controlled Keywords (GND): | Sprache, Gehirn, Magnetoencephalographie, Repräsentation, Evoziertes Potential |
Keywords: | Cell Assemblies, Gamma-Band, Syntax, MinimumNorm, cell assemblies, gamma band, syntax, minimum norm |
Link to License: | In Copyright |
ASSADOLLAHI, Ramin, 2002. Psychophysiologische Korrelate der Sprachverarbeitung im menschlichen Gehirn [Dissertation]. Konstanz: University of Konstanz
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