Peace Journalism I : Theoretical approaches
Peace Journalism I : Theoretical approaches
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2006
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Vol. 5, No. 2
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conflict and communication online; 5,2
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Abstract
The relationship between war, journalism and the media has always been problematic. Soon after the daily newspaper arose, war-making elites began to censor the press and/or to instrumentalize it for their purposes (and later other media as well). Journalists have also always considered themselves fighters on the propaganda front. At the same time, however, there have also always been critical journalists who have not let themselves be instrumentalized, who have not abjured the ideal of truthful and impartial reportage, even under massive social pressure; and some have even given their lives to uphold the right to free speech.
As well in communication and media studies, propaganda and war reportage are of enduring interest. Every new war stimulates a mass of social-scientific studies; some serve the optimization of propaganda; increasingly, however, there are also studies that investigate the unholy alliance of military and media and/or expose the actual lack of differences between war reportage and propaganda.
Only toward the end of the last millennium, however, did peace researchers, journalists and media creators begin to systematically think about how the potential of the media could be used not to fuel conflicts, but rather to encourage peaceful conflict settlement and in the end perhaps even contribute to reconciliation between conflict parties.
What was initially still an academic project quickly developed into a type of movement that united under the slogan of "peace journalism" in part quite heterogeneous efforts, ranging from social-scientific basic research to case studies to current and topical war and post-war reportage by the media to further educational and training courses for journalists.
The present and the next two issues of conflict & communication online are dedicated to a critical evaluation of the state of these efforts. The first two issues present theoretical approaches (Vol. 5, No. 2, October 2006), as well as case studies and instructional material (Vol. 6, No. 1, April 2007), whose development was sponsored by the Toda Institute for Global Peace and Policy Research. The authors, in part scientists, in part practitioners, are among the most prominent representatives of the peace journalism project. In the third issue (Vol. 6, No. 2, October 2007), critics of peace journalism have their say. With the title "The peace journalism controversy," an exchange of words takes place between proponents and opponents of peace journalism. For critics, we were fortunate to obtain contributions from two high-ranking authors, BBC journalist David Loyn and media researcher Thomas Nahitzsch from the TU-Ilmenau.
As well in communication and media studies, propaganda and war reportage are of enduring interest. Every new war stimulates a mass of social-scientific studies; some serve the optimization of propaganda; increasingly, however, there are also studies that investigate the unholy alliance of military and media and/or expose the actual lack of differences between war reportage and propaganda.
Only toward the end of the last millennium, however, did peace researchers, journalists and media creators begin to systematically think about how the potential of the media could be used not to fuel conflicts, but rather to encourage peaceful conflict settlement and in the end perhaps even contribute to reconciliation between conflict parties.
What was initially still an academic project quickly developed into a type of movement that united under the slogan of "peace journalism" in part quite heterogeneous efforts, ranging from social-scientific basic research to case studies to current and topical war and post-war reportage by the media to further educational and training courses for journalists.
The present and the next two issues of conflict & communication online are dedicated to a critical evaluation of the state of these efforts. The first two issues present theoretical approaches (Vol. 5, No. 2, October 2006), as well as case studies and instructional material (Vol. 6, No. 1, April 2007), whose development was sponsored by the Toda Institute for Global Peace and Policy Research. The authors, in part scientists, in part practitioners, are among the most prominent representatives of the peace journalism project. In the third issue (Vol. 6, No. 2, October 2007), critics of peace journalism have their say. With the title "The peace journalism controversy," an exchange of words takes place between proponents and opponents of peace journalism. For critics, we were fortunate to obtain contributions from two high-ranking authors, BBC journalist David Loyn and media researcher Thomas Nahitzsch from the TU-Ilmenau.
Summary in another language
Das Verhältnis von Krieg, Journalismus und den Medien war immer schon problematisch. Fast zeitgleich mit der Entstehung der Tageszeitungen begannen die Krieg führenden Eliten, die Presse (und später auch andere Medien) zu zensieren und/oder für ihre Zwecke zu funktionalisieren. Auch Journalisten haben sich immer wieder selbst als Kämpfer an der Propagandafront verstanden. Zugleich aber hat es stets auch kritische Journalisten gegeben, die sich nicht funktionalisieren ließen, die dem Ideal einer wahrheitsgemäßen und unparteilichen Berichterstattung selbst unter massivem sozialem Druck nicht abgeschworen haben; und manche, die für das Recht auf freie Meinungsäußerung sogar ihr Leben lassen mussten.
Auch in den Kommunikations- und Medienwissenschaften sind Propaganda und Kriegsberichterstattung ein Dauerbrenner. Jeder neue Krieg zieht eine Unmenge an sozialwissenschaftlichen Studien nach sich: solche, die der Optimierung von Propaganda dienen, zunehmend aber auch solche, die der unheiligen Allianz von Militär und Medien nachspüren und/oder die faktische Ununterscheidbarkeit von Kriegsberichterstattung und Propaganda offen legen.
Erst gegen Ende des letzten Jahrtausends jedoch begannen Friedensforscher, Kommunikationswissenschaftler, Journalisten und Medienschaffende systematisch darüber nachzudenken, wie das Potential der Medien dazu genutzt werden könnte, statt zur Anheizung von Konflikten zur friedlichen Streitbeilegung und am Ende vielleicht sogar zur Versöhnung zwischen den Konfliktparteien beizutragen.
Was zunächst noch ein akademisches Projekt war, entwickelte sich rasch zu einer Art Bewegung, die unter dem Schlagwort "Friedensjournalismus" teilweise recht heterogene Bemühungen in sich vereinigt, die von sozialwissenschaftlicher Grundlagenforschung über Fallstudien zur aktuellen Kriegs- und Nachkriegsberichterstattung der Medien bis hin zu Fortbildungs- und Trainingskursen für Journalisten reichen.
Die vorliegende und die nächsten beiden Ausgaben von conflict & communication online sind einer kritischen Bestandsaufnahme dieser Bemühungen gewidmet. Die ersten beiden Hefte stellen theoretische Zugänge (Vol. 5, No. 2, Oktober 2006) sowie Fallstudien und Unterrichtsmaterialien (Vol. 6, No. 1, April 2007) vor, deren Entwicklung vom Toda Institute for Global Peace and Policy Research gesponsert wurde. Die Autoren, teils Wissenschaftler, teils Praktiker, gehören zu den prominentesten Vertretern des Friedensjournalismus-Projektes. Im dritten Heft (Vol. 6, No. 2, Oktober 2007) kommen dann die Kritiker des Friedensjournalismus zu Wort. Unter dem Titel "Die Friedensjournalismus-Kontroverse" findet ein Schlagabtausch zwischen Befürwortern und Gegnern des Friedensjournalismus statt. Als Kritiker konnten mit dem BBC-Journalisten David Loyn und dem Medienwissenschaftler Thomas Hanitzsch von der TU-Ilmenau auch hierfür wieder zwei hochrangige Autoren gewonnen werden.
Auch in den Kommunikations- und Medienwissenschaften sind Propaganda und Kriegsberichterstattung ein Dauerbrenner. Jeder neue Krieg zieht eine Unmenge an sozialwissenschaftlichen Studien nach sich: solche, die der Optimierung von Propaganda dienen, zunehmend aber auch solche, die der unheiligen Allianz von Militär und Medien nachspüren und/oder die faktische Ununterscheidbarkeit von Kriegsberichterstattung und Propaganda offen legen.
Erst gegen Ende des letzten Jahrtausends jedoch begannen Friedensforscher, Kommunikationswissenschaftler, Journalisten und Medienschaffende systematisch darüber nachzudenken, wie das Potential der Medien dazu genutzt werden könnte, statt zur Anheizung von Konflikten zur friedlichen Streitbeilegung und am Ende vielleicht sogar zur Versöhnung zwischen den Konfliktparteien beizutragen.
Was zunächst noch ein akademisches Projekt war, entwickelte sich rasch zu einer Art Bewegung, die unter dem Schlagwort "Friedensjournalismus" teilweise recht heterogene Bemühungen in sich vereinigt, die von sozialwissenschaftlicher Grundlagenforschung über Fallstudien zur aktuellen Kriegs- und Nachkriegsberichterstattung der Medien bis hin zu Fortbildungs- und Trainingskursen für Journalisten reichen.
Die vorliegende und die nächsten beiden Ausgaben von conflict & communication online sind einer kritischen Bestandsaufnahme dieser Bemühungen gewidmet. Die ersten beiden Hefte stellen theoretische Zugänge (Vol. 5, No. 2, Oktober 2006) sowie Fallstudien und Unterrichtsmaterialien (Vol. 6, No. 1, April 2007) vor, deren Entwicklung vom Toda Institute for Global Peace and Policy Research gesponsert wurde. Die Autoren, teils Wissenschaftler, teils Praktiker, gehören zu den prominentesten Vertretern des Friedensjournalismus-Projektes. Im dritten Heft (Vol. 6, No. 2, Oktober 2007) kommen dann die Kritiker des Friedensjournalismus zu Wort. Unter dem Titel "Die Friedensjournalismus-Kontroverse" findet ein Schlagabtausch zwischen Befürwortern und Gegnern des Friedensjournalismus statt. Als Kritiker konnten mit dem BBC-Journalisten David Loyn und dem Medienwissenschaftler Thomas Hanitzsch von der TU-Ilmenau auch hierfür wieder zwei hochrangige Autoren gewonnen werden.
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150 Psychology
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KEMPF, Wilhelm, ed., 2006. Peace Journalism I : Theoretical approaches. 5(2)BibTex
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year={2006},
series={conflict and communication online},
title={Peace Journalism I : Theoretical approaches},
number={2},
number={5,2},
volume={5},
editor={Kempf, Wilhelm}
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