Kognitionspsychologische Aspekte der willentlichen Stereotypkontrolle

Type of Publication: Dissertation
URI (citable link): http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:352-opus-9799
Author: Achtziger, Anja
Year of publication: 2003
Title in another language: A Cognitive Analysis of the Willful Inhibition of Stereotypes
Summary:
This dissertation investigates the possibility of intentionally controlling processes of stereotype activation and application that had long been considered to be uncontrollable. The guiding hypotheses was that such control could be attained by means of implementations intentions, which are assumed to be able to exert an automatic influence on both the activation and the application of stereotypes in impression formation.
In accordance with these hypotheses, two studies demonstrated that implementation intentions do have the power to control impression formation.
In the first study it was shown that, even under conditions of high cognitive load, subjects were able to control the application of a stereotype. Cognitive load was manipulated by using a paradigm of Baddeley`s (1996) by mean of which the functions of either the phonological loop or the central executive are impaired. Participants were subject to one of these two procedures whilst they were presented with stereotype-consistent and stereotype-inconsistent information about a target person. In accordance with the hypotheses, it was observed that only subjects who used an implementation intention that focused on processing the stereotype-inconsistent information about the target person, were able to control the stereotype`s application. In contrast, subjects who had formed no intention and subjects who had formed a goal intention were unable to do so.
The second study investigated the possibility of generating a differentiated activation of a stereotype in such a way that a positive evaluation of soccer fans could be attained. We discovered that, because of their highly specific mode of functioning, implementation intentions can successfully activate the positive attributes of a stereotype whilst simultaneously inhibiting the stereotypes negative attributes. Moreover this study demonstrated a flexible realisation of implementation intentions relative to the appropriateness of particular contexts.
Summary in another language:
Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigte sich mit der Möglichkeit, bisher als willentlich nicht kontrollierbar geltende Prozesse im Bereich der Stereotypisierung von Personen durch Vorsätze zu kontrollieren. Ausgangspunkt waren Studien anderer Autoren, in denen es weder gelang, die Anwendung eines Stereotyps unter kognitiver Belastung willentlich zu kontrollieren, noch seine Aktivierung willentlich zu beeinflussen. Beides sollte in den hier vorgestellten Experimenten mit Hilfe von Vorsätzen erreicht werden.
Entsprechend wurde in Experiment I gezeigt, dass es mit Hilfe eines Vorsatzes möglich ist, auch unter hoher kognitiver Belastung die Anwendung des Männerstereotyps willentlich zu kontrollieren. Zu diesem Zweck erfolgte auf Basis des Arbeitsgedächtnismodells von Baddeley (1986) die Blockade der Zentralen Exekutive und der Phonologischen Schleife, während den Versuchsteilnehmerinnen stereotypkonsistente und stereotypinkonsistente Informationen über eine Zielperson präsentiert wurden. Den Vorhersagen entsprechend gelang es durch einen Vorsatz, der auf die Verarbeitung der stereotypinkonsistenten Informationen ausgerichtet war, die Anwendung des Männerstereotyps trotz kognitiver Belastung willentlich zu kontrollieren.
In Experiment II wurde überprüft, ob durch einen Vorsatz eine differenzierte Aktivierung des Männerstereotyps generiert werden kann, so dass dies in einer positiven Gesamtbewertung von Fußballfans resultiert. Das konnte in der Tat aufgrund der hoch spezifischen Wirkungsweise von Vorsätzen erreicht werden, die dazu führte, dass bei Präsentation von Fußballfans die positiven Eigenschaften des Männerstereotyps hoch aktiviert und gleichzeitig seine negativen Eigenschaften inhibiert wurden. Darüber hinaus wurde in diesem Experiment auch die flexibel stattfindende Realisierung des Vorsatzes in Abhängigkeit von der Angemessenheit des Kontextes nachgewiesen.
Examination date (for dissertations): Feb 13, 2003
Dissertation note: Doctoral dissertation, University of Konstanz
Subject (DDC): 150 Psychology
Controlled Keywords (GND): Stereotypie, Vorsatz, Inhibition
Keywords: willentliche, Kontrolle, stereotype, inhibition, implementation intention
Link to License: In Copyright

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ACHTZIGER, Anja, 2003. Kognitionspsychologische Aspekte der willentlichen Stereotypkontrolle [Dissertation]. Konstanz: University of Konstanz

@phdthesis{Achtziger2003Kogni-10376, title={Kognitionspsychologische Aspekte der willentlichen Stereotypkontrolle}, year={2003}, author={Achtziger, Anja}, address={Konstanz}, school={Universität Konstanz} }

Achtziger, Anja 2011-03-25T09:16:27Z 2003 deu A Cognitive Analysis of the Willful Inhibition of Stereotypes Achtziger, Anja application/pdf This dissertation investigates the possibility of intentionally controlling processes of stereotype activation and application that had long been considered to be uncontrollable. The guiding hypotheses was that such control could be attained by means of implementations intentions, which are assumed to be able to exert an automatic influence on both the activation and the application of stereotypes in impression formation.<br />In accordance with these hypotheses, two studies demonstrated that implementation intentions do have the power to control impression formation.<br />In the first study it was shown that, even under conditions of high cognitive load, subjects were able to control the application of a stereotype. Cognitive load was manipulated by using a paradigm of Baddeley`s (1996) by mean of which the functions of either the phonological loop or the central executive are impaired. Participants were subject to one of these two procedures whilst they were presented with stereotype-consistent and stereotype-inconsistent information about a target person. In accordance with the hypotheses, it was observed that only subjects who used an implementation intention that focused on processing the stereotype-inconsistent information about the target person, were able to control the stereotype`s application. In contrast, subjects who had formed no intention and subjects who had formed a goal intention were unable to do so.<br />The second study investigated the possibility of generating a differentiated activation of a stereotype in such a way that a positive evaluation of soccer fans could be attained. We discovered that, because of their highly specific mode of functioning, implementation intentions can successfully activate the positive attributes of a stereotype whilst simultaneously inhibiting the stereotypes negative attributes. Moreover this study demonstrated a flexible realisation of implementation intentions relative to the appropriateness of particular contexts. Kognitionspsychologische Aspekte der willentlichen Stereotypkontrolle 2011-03-25T09:16:27Z terms-of-use

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