Type of Publication: | Dissertation |
URI (citable link): | http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:352-opus-7040 |
Author: | Scherer, Michaela |
Year of publication: | 2001 |
Title in another language: | Future thinking and evaluative reactions |
Summary: |
The mediating processes of mental contrasting were investigated, in particular, the specific conditions responsible for the origin and occurrence of necessity to act and readiness to act were empirically tested in relation to the fantasy-realization theory (Oettingen, 1997a, 2000). In this theory, three routes to goal setting are described, and the conditions are specified that turn free-floating fantasies about the future into binding goals. The first two routes - merely indulging in positive fantasies about the desired future and merely dwelling on the negative aspects of the impeding reality - do not take into account a person's expectations of success. The third route though - mentally contrasting positive aspects of the aspired to future with negative aspects of contradicting reality - is expectancy-based. Only through mentally contrasting do subjective expectations of success become activated, thus guiding behavior and leading to expectancy-based goal setting. It is assumed that the experienced necessity to act and the resulting readiness to act or readiness to disengage are the main mechanisms initiated by mentally contrasting that turn fantasies into binding goals. In two experiments using an evaluative reaction task in a sequential priming-paradigm, the positive aspects of the aspired to future and the negative aspects of the impeding reality were presented as prime words. It was shown that experienced necessity to act results from a strong evaluative reaction to the positive and negative aspects of the future goal. The experienced necessity to act leads to a readiness to act if the expectations of success are high and expresses itself as a general high activity. If the expectations of success are low, necessity to act results in a readiness to disengage and expresses itself as a general passiveness. In the last part, the results of the experiments are discussed and questions about future research are posed.
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Summary in another language: |
In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden die vermittelnden Prozesse der mentalen Kontrastierung untersucht, wobei insbesondere die Bedingungen des Entstehens und Erlebens der Handlungsnotwendigkeit und Handlungsbereitschaft empirisch überprüft werden. In der Theorie der Phantasierealisierung (Oettingen, 1997a, 2000) wird zwischen drei Formen des Zukunftsdenkens unterschieden. Die ersten zwei Formen des Zukunftsdenkens erfolgen ohne Rücksicht auf vorhandene subjektive Erfolgserwartungen und entstehen aus alleinigem Schwelgen über positive Zukunftsphantasien und blossem Grübeln über negative Aspekte der widersprechenden Realität. Die dritte Form des Zukunftsdenkens ist erwartungsgebunden und resultiert aus der mentalen Kontrastierung positiver Zukunftsphantasien mit negativen Aspekten der widersprechenden Realität. Erst durch diese mentale Gegenüberstellung werden die subjektiven Erfolgserwartungen aktiviert und verhaltenswirksam und führen damit zu verbindlichen Zielsetzungen. Die Wahrnehmung der eigenen Handlungsnotwendigkeit und die daraus resultierende Handlungs- bzw. Rückzugsbereitschaft werden in dieser Arbeit als die zentralen Wirkmechanismen, betrachtet, die den Weg von Zukunftsphantasien zu verbindlichen Zielsetzungen bahnen. In zwei Studien konnte mit Hilfe einer Bewertungsaufgabe in einer sequentiellen priming-Prozedur gezeigt werden, dass die erfahrene Handlungsnotwendigkeit auf eine verstärkte affektive Bewertung der mit dem Zukunftsanliegen einhergehenden, positiven und negativen Aspekte zurückzuführen ist. Eine Handlungsbereitschaft entsteht durch die erlebte Handlungsnotwendigkeit bei vorhandenen hohen Erfolgserwartungen und lässt sich durch eine allgemeine Aktiviertheit beobachten. Eine Rückzugsbereitschaft hingegen besteht aus einer durch die Handlungsnotwendigkeit und niedriger Erfolgserwartungen ausgelösten, allgemeinen Passivität. Im Anschluss an die dargestellten Experimente werden die Ergebnisse diskutiert und weitere Forschungsfragen aufgeworfen.
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Examination date (for dissertations): | Jul 18, 2001 |
Dissertation note: | Doctoral dissertation, University of Konstanz |
Subject (DDC): | 150 Psychology |
Controlled Keywords (GND): | Bewertung, Zukunftserwartung |
Keywords: | Bewertungsreaktionen, Handlungsbereitschaft, Handlungsnotwendigkeit, Zukunftsdenken, evaluative reactions, future thinking, necessity to act, readiness to act |
Link to License: | In Copyright |
SCHERER, Michaela, 2001. Zukunftsdenken und Bewertungsreaktionen [Dissertation]. Konstanz: University of Konstanz
@phdthesis{Scherer2001Zukun-10352, title={Zukunftsdenken und Bewertungsreaktionen}, year={2001}, author={Scherer, Michaela}, address={Konstanz}, school={Universität Konstanz} }
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