Publikation: Mechanistic Studies of the Palladium-Catalyzed Copolymerization of Ethylene and alpha-Olefins with Methyl Acrylate
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Mechanistic aspects of palladium-catalyzed insertion copolymerizations of ethylene and α-olefins with methyl acrylate to give high molar mass polymers are described. Complexes [(N^N)Pd(CH2)3C(O)-OMe]BAr'4 (2) or [(N^N)Pd(CH3)(L)]BAr'4 (1: L = OEt2; 3: L ≡ NCMe; 4: L ≡ NCAr') (N^N ≡ ArN = C(R)-C(R)= NAr, e.g., Ar ≡ 2,6-C6H3(i-Pr)2, R ≡ H (a), Me (b); Ar' ≡ 3,5-C6H3(CF3)2) with bulky substituted α-diimine ligands were used as catalyst precursors. The copolymers are highly branched, the acrylate comonomer being incorporated predominantly at the ends of branches as -CH2CH2C(O)OMe groups. The effects of reaction conditions and catalyst structure on the copolymerization reaction are rationalized. Low-temperature NMR studies show that migratory insertion in the η2-methyl acrylate (MA) complex [(N^N)- PdMe{H2C=CHC(O)OMe}]+ (5) occurs to give initially the 2,1-insertion product [(N^N)PdCH(CH2CH3)C-(O)OMe]+ (6), which rearranges stepwise to yield 2 as the final product upon warming to -20 °C. Activation parameters (ΔH = 12.1 ± 1.4 kcal/mol and ΔS = -14.1 ± 7.0 eu) were determined for the conversion of 5a to 6a. Rates of ethylene homopolymerization observed in preparative-scale polymerizations (1.2 s-1 at 25°C, ΔG = 17.4 kcal/mol for 2b) correspond well with low-temperature NMR kinetic data for migratory insertion of ethylene in [(N^N)Pd{(CH2)2nMe}(H2C=CH2)]+. Relative binding affinities of olefins to the metal center were also studied. For [(N^N)PdMe(H2C=CH2)]+ + MA 5a + H2C=CH2, Keq(-95 °C) = (1.0 ± 0.3) X 10-6 was determined. Combination of the above studies provides a mechanistic model that agrees well with acrylate incorporations observed in copolymerization experiments. Data obtained for equilibria 2 + H2C=CHR" [(N^N)Pd{(CH2)3C(O)OMe}(H2C=CHR")]+ (R"≡ H, Me, nC4H9) shows that chelating coordination of the carbonyl group is favored over olefin coordination at room temperature. Formation of chelates analogous to 2 during the copolymerization is assumed to render the subsequent monomer insertion a turnover-limiting step.
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MECKING, Stefan, Lynda K. JOHNSON, Lin WANG, Maurice BROOKHART, 1998. Mechanistic Studies of the Palladium-Catalyzed Copolymerization of Ethylene and alpha-Olefins with Methyl Acrylate. In: Journal of the American Chemical Society. 1998, 120(5), pp. 888-899. ISSN 0002-7863. eISSN 1520-5126. Available under: doi: 10.1021/ja964144iBibTex
@article{Mecking1998Mecha-9686, year={1998}, doi={10.1021/ja964144i}, title={Mechanistic Studies of the Palladium-Catalyzed Copolymerization of Ethylene and alpha-Olefins with Methyl Acrylate}, number={5}, volume={120}, issn={0002-7863}, journal={Journal of the American Chemical Society}, pages={888--899}, author={Mecking, Stefan and Johnson, Lynda K. and Wang, Lin and Brookhart, Maurice} }
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