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Predator–prey power laws : trophic interactions give rise to scale-invariant ecosystems

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2023

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Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG): 422037984

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New Journal of Physics. IOP Publishing. 2023, 25(12), 123012. eISSN 1367-2630. Available under: doi: 10.1088/1367-2630/ad0d37

Zusammenfassung

Scaling laws and power-law distributions are ubiquitous in ecological systems. However, it is not clear what factors give rise to such universal regularities. Here, I show scaling laws are a simple consequence of scale-invariant distributions, and both result from simple commonalities of diverse ecosystems. I introduce a simple model of predator–prey interactions in which predators and prey move on a two-dimensional space in search of resources that they use to survive and reproduce. As primary resources increase, the food web exhibits a series of transitions to phases with equilibrium dynamics and top-down control of the food web, non-equilibrium dynamics with bottom-up control, and unstable dynamics exhibiting the paradox of enrichment. The model shows resource heterogeneity can solve the paradox of enrichment and ensure the stability of ecosystems. Scale-invariant spatial distribution of prey and predators and a surprisingly rich set of scaling laws, including predator–prey and Taylor's power laws, appear in the non-equilibrium phase. The model predicts both Taylor's power law and predator–prey power law can be extended to a rich set of fluctuation scaling laws governing the fluctuation of predator's and prey's densities and growth. A mathematical theory suggests scaling laws result from the scale-invariance of the spatial distribution of prey and predators.

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Fachgebiet (DDC)
570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie

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predator–prey, scaling laws, power laws, food web, food web control, scale invariance, paradox of enrichment

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ISO 690SALAHSHOUR, Mohammad, 2023. Predator–prey power laws : trophic interactions give rise to scale-invariant ecosystems. In: New Journal of Physics. IOP Publishing. 2023, 25(12), 123012. eISSN 1367-2630. Available under: doi: 10.1088/1367-2630/ad0d37
BibTex
@article{Salahshour2023Preda-68873,
  year={2023},
  doi={10.1088/1367-2630/ad0d37},
  title={Predator–prey power laws : trophic interactions give rise to scale-invariant ecosystems},
  number={12},
  volume={25},
  journal={New Journal of Physics},
  author={Salahshour, Mohammad},
  note={Article Number: 123012}
}
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