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COVID-19 : prime time for microphysiological systems, as illustrated for the brain

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Datum

2021

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Kang, Ian
Smirnova, Lena
Kuhn, Jens H.
Hogberg, Helena T.
Kleinstreuer, Nicole C.

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Alternatives to Animal Experimentation : ALTEX. Springer Spektrum. 2021, 38(4), pp. 535-549. ISSN 1868-596X. eISSN 1868-8551. Available under: doi: 10.14573/altex.2110131

Zusammenfassung

The development of therapies for and preventions against infectious diseases depends on the availability of disease models. Bioengineering of human organoids and organs-on-chips is one extremely promising avenue of research. These miniature, laboratory-grown organ systems have been broadly used during the ongoing, unprecedented coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic to show the many effects of the etiologic agent, severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on human organs. In contrast, exposure of most animals either did not result in infection or caused mild clinical signs - not the severe course of the infection suffered by many humans. This article illuminates the opportunities of microphysiological systems (MPS) to study COVID-19 in vitro, with a focus on brain cell infection and its translational rel-evance to COVID-19 effects on the human brain. Neurovirulence of SARS-CoV-2 has been reproduced in different types of human brain organoids by 10 groups, consistently showing infection of a small portion of brain cells accompanied by limited viral replication. This mirrors increasingly recognized neurological manifestations in COVID-19 patients (evidence of virus infection and brain-specific antibody formation in brain tissue and cerebrospinal fluid). The pathogenesis of neuro-logical signs, their long-term consequences, and possible interventions remain unclear, but future MPS technologies offer prospects to address these open questions.

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570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie

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ISO 690KANG, Ian, Lena SMIRNOVA, Jens H. KUHN, Helena T. HOGBERG, Nicole C. KLEINSTREUER, Thomas HARTUNG, 2021. COVID-19 : prime time for microphysiological systems, as illustrated for the brain. In: Alternatives to Animal Experimentation : ALTEX. Springer Spektrum. 2021, 38(4), pp. 535-549. ISSN 1868-596X. eISSN 1868-8551. Available under: doi: 10.14573/altex.2110131
BibTex
@article{Kang2021COVID-55645,
  year={2021},
  doi={10.14573/altex.2110131},
  title={COVID-19 : prime time for microphysiological systems, as illustrated for the brain},
  number={4},
  volume={38},
  issn={1868-596X},
  journal={Alternatives to Animal Experimentation : ALTEX},
  pages={535--549},
  author={Kang, Ian and Smirnova, Lena and Kuhn, Jens H. and Hogberg, Helena T. and Kleinstreuer, Nicole C. and Hartung, Thomas}
}
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