Glass transition in charged colloidal suspensions

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2016
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Glasübergang in geladenen Kolloidsuspensionen
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Abstract
In this work, charged colloidal suspensions in the vicinity of the glass transition are investigated in both, theoretical and experimental studies. The main focus is to compare predictions from mode coupling theory (MCT) of the glass transition to results from experiments. Other important topics are the characterization of dynamical heterogeneities and the aging process in glass.

Two very different colloidal systems are established. The first one consists of moderately charged PMMA colloids with sizes in the micrometer range, such that individual particle motions can be observed in a 3D confocal microscope. An advanced algorithm for the detection of particles in microscope images was implemented, which allows for precise position and size measurements of the particles. Furthermore, a new iterative technique was invented to connect the detected positions to full particle trajectories. The second colloidal system consists of highly charged PS particles with a smaller size of about 100 to 200 nm. In this case, the dynamics is measured by using visible light scattering. Sophisticated experimental techniques, like multi-speckle dynamic wave spectroscopy (MSDWS) and speckle visibility spectroscopy (SVS), allow the determination of dynamic correlation functions covering up to 10 orders of magnitude in time.
Summary in another language
In dieser Arbeit werden geladene Kolloidsuspensionen in der Nähe des Glasübergangs untersucht, sowohl in theoretischen als auch in experimentellen Studien. Schwerpunkt ist der Vergleich von Voraussagen der Modenkopplungstheorie (MCT) des Glasübergangs mit experimentellen Ergebnissen. Weitere wichtige Themen sind die Charakterisierung von dynamischen Heterogenitäten und der Alterungsprozess in Gläsern.

Zwei sehr verschiedene Kolloidsysteme wurden etabliert. Beim ersten System können die individuellen Teilchenbewegungen mit konfokaler Mikroskopie beobachtet werden. Es besteht aus mäßig geladenen PMMA-Kolloiden mit einer Größe im Mikrometerbereich. Es wurde ein moderner Algorithmus zur Detektion von Teilchen in Mikroskopiebildern implementiert, der eine genaue Bestimmung von Position und Größe der Teilchen ermöglicht. Desweiteren wurde eine neue iterative Methode entwickelt um die detektierten Positionen zu vollständigen Teilchentrajektorien zu verbinden. Das zweite Kolloidsystem besteht aus stark geladenen Teilchen mit einer kleineren Größe von etwa 100 bis 200 nm. In diesem Fall kann die Dynamik mit Lichtstreuung gemessen werden. Ausgefeilte experimentelle Methoden wie Multi-Speckle Dynamic Wave Spectroscopy (MSDWS) und Speckle Visibility Spectroscopy (SVS) erlauben die Messung von dynamischen Korrelationsfunktionen, die einen Bereich von bis zu 10 Größenordnungen auf der Zeitachse abdecken.
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530 Physics
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glass transition, charged, colloids, mode coupling theory, dynamical heterogeneities, ageing, particle detection, particle tracking, diffusing wave spectroscopy
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ISO 690KAISER, Herbert, 2016. Glass transition in charged colloidal suspensions [Dissertation]. Konstanz: University of Konstanz
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@phdthesis{Kaiser2016Glass-35884,
  year={2016},
  title={Glass transition in charged colloidal suspensions},
  author={Kaiser, Herbert},
  address={Konstanz},
  school={Universität Konstanz}
}
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October 12, 2016
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Konstanz, Univ., Doctoral dissertation, 2016
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