@article{Wyrsch2013Cytos-30587,
  year={2013},
  doi={10.1186/1478-811X-11-11},
  title={Cytosolic Ca<sup>2+</sup> shifts as early markers of cytotoxicity},
  volume={11},
  journal={Cell Communication and Signaling},
  author={Wyrsch, Philippe and Blenn, Christian and Pesch, Theresa and Beneke, Sascha and Althaus, Felix R.},
  note={Article Number: 11}
}

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    <dc:contributor>Blenn, Christian</dc:contributor>
    <dc:creator>Blenn, Christian</dc:creator>
    <dc:creator>Wyrsch, Philippe</dc:creator>
    <dc:contributor>Wyrsch, Philippe</dc:contributor>
    <dc:creator>Beneke, Sascha</dc:creator>
    <dc:contributor>Althaus, Felix R.</dc:contributor>
    <dc:contributor>Pesch, Theresa</dc:contributor>
    <dcterms:issued>2013</dcterms:issued>
    <dcterms:title>Cytosolic Ca&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt; shifts as early markers of cytotoxicity</dcterms:title>
    <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
    <dc:rights>terms-of-use</dc:rights>
    <dc:contributor>Beneke, Sascha</dc:contributor>
    <dc:date rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime">2015-03-27T10:51:19Z</dc:date>
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    <dcterms:abstract xml:lang="eng">The determination of the cytotoxic potential of new and so far unknown compounds as well as their metabolites is fundamental in risk assessment. A variety of strategic endpoints have been defined to describe toxin-cell interactions, leading to prediction of cell fate. They involve measurement of metabolic endpoints, bio-energetic parameters or morphological cell modifications. Here, we evaluated alterations of the free cytosolic Ca2+ homeostasis using the Fluo-4 dye and compared results with the metabolic cell viability assay Alamar Blue. We investigated a panel of toxins (As2O3, gossypol, H2O2, staurosporine, and titanium(IV)-salane complexes) in four different mammalian cell lines covering three different species (human, mouse, and African green monkey). All tested compounds induced an increase in free cytosolic Ca2+ within the first 5 s after toxin application. Cytosolic Ca2+ shifts occurred independently of the chemical structure in all tested cell systems and were persistent up to 3 h. The linear increase of free cytosolic Ca2+ within the first 5 s of drug treatment correlates with the EC25 and EC75 values obtained in Alamar Blue assays one day after toxin exposure. Moreover, a rise of cytosolic Ca2+ was detectable independent of induced cell death mode as assessed by caspase and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) activity in HeLa versus MCF-7 cells at very low concentrations. In conclusion, a cytotoxicity assay based on Ca2+ shifts has a low limit of detection (LOD), is less time consuming (at least 24 times faster) compared to the cell viability assay Alamar Blue and is suitable for high-troughput-screening (HTS).</dcterms:abstract>
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    <dc:creator>Pesch, Theresa</dc:creator>
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    <dc:creator>Althaus, Felix R.</dc:creator>
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