## Collective States, Multistability and Transitional Behavior in Schooling Fish

2013
##### Authors
Tunstrøm, Kolbjørn
Katz, Yael
Ioannou, Christos C.
Huepe, Cristián
Journal article
Published
##### Published in
PLoS Computational Biology ; 9 (2013), 2. - e1002915. - ISSN 1553-734X. - eISSN 1553-7358
##### Abstract
The spontaneous emergence of pattern formation is ubiquitous in nature, often arising as a collective phenomenon from interactions among a large number of individual constituents or sub-systems. Understanding, and controlling, collective behavior is dependent on determining the low-level dynamical principles from which spatial and temporal patterns emerge; a key question is whether different group-level patterns result from all components of a system responding to the same external factor, individual components changing behavior but in a distributed self-organized way, or whether multiple collective states co-exist for the same individual behaviors. Using schooling fish (golden shiners, in groups of 30 to 300 fish) as a model system, we demonstrate that collective motion can be effectively mapped onto a set of order parameters describing the macroscopic group structure, revealing the existence of at least three dynamically-stable collective states; swarm, milling and polarized groups. Swarms are characterized by slow individual motion and a relatively dense, disordered structure. Increasing swim speed is associated with a transition to one of two locally-ordered states, milling or highly-mobile polarized groups. The stability of the discrete collective behaviors exhibited by a group depends on the number of group members. Transitions between states are influenced by both external (boundary-driven) and internal (changing motion of group members) factors. Whereas transitions between locally-disordered and locally-ordered group states are speed dependent, analysis of local and global properties of groups suggests that, congruent with theory, milling and polarized states co-exist in a bistable regime with transitions largely driven by perturbations. Our study allows us to relate theoretical and empirical understanding of animal group behavior and emphasizes dynamic changes in the structure of such groups.
##### Subject (DDC)
570 Biosciences, Biology
##### Cite This
ISO 690TUNSTRØM, Kolbjørn, Yael KATZ, Christos C. IOANNOU, Cristián HUEPE, Matthew J. LUTZ, Iain D. COUZIN, 2013. Collective States, Multistability and Transitional Behavior in Schooling Fish. In: PLoS Computational Biology. 9(2), e1002915. ISSN 1553-734X. eISSN 1553-7358. Available under: doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002915
BibTex
@article{Tunstrm2013Colle-37048,
year={2013},
doi={10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002915},
title={Collective States, Multistability and Transitional Behavior in Schooling Fish},
number={2},
volume={9},
issn={1553-734X},
journal={PLoS Computational Biology},
author={Tunstrøm, Kolbjørn and Katz, Yael and Ioannou, Christos C. and Huepe, Cristián and Lutz, Matthew J. and Couzin, Iain D.},
note={Article Number: e1002915}
}

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