Systematic Revision of Symbiodiniaceae Highlights the Antiquity and Diversity of Coral Endosymbionts

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2018
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LaJeunesse, Todd C.
Parkinson, John Everett
Gabrielson, Paul W.
Jeong, Hae Jin
Reimer, James Davis
Santos, Scott R.
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Current biology ; 28 (2018), 16. - pp. 2570-2580. - Elsevier. - ISSN 0960-9822. - eISSN 1879-0445
Abstract
The advent of molecular data has transformed the science of organizing and studying life on Earth. Genetics-based evidence provides fundamental insights into the diversity, ecology, and origins of many biological systems, including the mutualisms between metazoan hosts and their micro-algal partners. A well-known example is the dinoflagellate endosymbionts ("zooxanthellae") that power the growth of stony corals and coral reef ecosystems. Once assumed to encompass a single panmictic species, genetic evidence has revealed a divergent and rich diversity within the zooxanthella genus Symbiodinium. Despite decades of reporting on the significance of this diversity, the formal systematics of these eukaryotic microbes have not kept pace, and a major revision is long overdue. With the consideration of molecular, morphological, physiological, and ecological data, we propose that evolutionarily divergent Symbiodinium "clades" are equivalent to genera in the family Symbiodiniaceae, and we provide formal descriptions for seven of them. Additionally, we recalibrate the molecular clock for the group and amend the date for the earliest diversification of this family to the middle of the Mesozoic Era (∼160 mya). This timing corresponds with the adaptive radiation of analogs to modern shallow-water stony corals during the Jurassic Period and connects the rise of these symbiotic dinoflagellates with the emergence and evolutionary success of reef-building corals. This improved framework acknowledges the Symbiodiniaceae's long evolutionary history while filling a pronounced taxonomic gap. Its adoption will facilitate scientific dialog and future research on the physiology, ecology, and evolution of these important micro-algae.
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570 Biosciences, Biology
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clades genera, Mesozoic, molecular clock, Symbiodinium, systematics, taxonomy, zooxanthellae
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Cite This
ISO 690LAJEUNESSE, Todd C., John Everett PARKINSON, Paul W. GABRIELSON, Hae Jin JEONG, James Davis REIMER, Christian R. VOOLSTRA, Scott R. SANTOS, 2018. Systematic Revision of Symbiodiniaceae Highlights the Antiquity and Diversity of Coral Endosymbionts. In: Current biology. Elsevier. 28(16), pp. 2570-2580. ISSN 0960-9822. eISSN 1879-0445. Available under: doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.07.008
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@article{LaJeunesse2018Syste-51096,
  year={2018},
  doi={10.1016/j.cub.2018.07.008},
  title={Systematic Revision of Symbiodiniaceae Highlights the Antiquity and Diversity of Coral Endosymbionts},
  number={16},
  volume={28},
  issn={0960-9822},
  journal={Current biology},
  pages={2570--2580},
  author={LaJeunesse, Todd C. and Parkinson, John Everett and Gabrielson, Paul W. and Jeong, Hae Jin and Reimer, James Davis and Voolstra, Christian R. and Santos, Scott R.}
}
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