@article{Neubauer2023-09Honey-69000,
  year={2023},
  doi={10.1016/j.anbehav.2023.05.018},
  title={Honey bee drones are synchronously hyperactive inside the nest},
  volume={203},
  issn={0003-3472},
  journal={Animal Behaviour},
  pages={207--223},
  author={Neubauer, Louisa C. and Davidson, Jacob D. and Wild, Benjamin and Dormagen, David M. and Landgraf, Tim and Couzin, Iain D. and Smith, Michael L.}
}

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    <dc:contributor>Landgraf, Tim</dc:contributor>
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    <dc:creator>Dormagen, David M.</dc:creator>
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    <dc:creator>Landgraf, Tim</dc:creator>
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    <dc:contributor>Wild, Benjamin</dc:contributor>
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    <dc:creator>Smith, Michael L.</dc:creator>
    <dcterms:abstract>Eusocial insects operate as an integrated collective with tasks allocated among individuals. This applies
also to reproduction, through coordinated mating flights between male and female reproductives. While
in some species male sexuals take only a single mating flight and never return, in the western honey bee,
Apis mellifera, the male sexuals (drones) live in the colony throughout their lives. Prior research has
focused almost exclusively on drone behaviour outside the nest (mating flights), while ignoring the
majority of their life, which is spent inside the nest. To understand the in-nest behaviour of drones across
their lives, we used the BeesBook tracking system to track 192 individually marked drones continuously
for over 20 days, to examine how drones moved and spent time in the nest. In agreement with previous
work, we found that drones spend most of their time immobile at the nest periphery. However, we also
observed that drones have periods of in-nest hyperactivity, during which they become the most active
individuals in the entire colony. This in-nest hyperactivity develops in drones after age 7 days, occurs
daily in the afternoon and coincides with drones taking outside trips. We found strong synchronization
across the drones in the start/end of activity, such that the drones in the colony exhibited a ‘shared
activation period’. The duration of the shared activation period depended on the weather; when conditions
were suitable for mating flights, the activation period was extended. At the individual level,
activation order changed from day to day, suggesting that both the external influence of weather conditions
as well as exchange of social information influenced individual activation. Using an
accumulation-to-threshold model of drone activation, we show that simulations using social information
match experimental observations. These results provide new insight into the in-nest behaviour of drones
and how their behaviour reflects their role as the male gametes of the colony.</dcterms:abstract>
    <dc:contributor>Couzin, Iain D.</dc:contributor>
    <dcterms:title>Honey bee drones are synchronously hyperactive inside the nest</dcterms:title>
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