Publikation: Motivational Interventions for Risk Behavior : New Perspectives from the Mindset Theory
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Daily life is full of individual behaviors with the potential for negative consequences, whether in the form of drinking and the risk of addiction or in the form of taking medication and the risk of side effects. Many interventions are developed to motivate people to reduce risk behaviors, yet their effectiveness needs to be improved. The present thesis aims to contribute to advancements of present interventions by investigating the processes of changing risk behavior from the perspective of the mindset theory of action phases. The research spans three different risk behaviors, namely hazardous alcohol use, khat consumption, and non-adherence to antipsychotics.
The first research paper tested the hypothesis that the induction of a pre- or postdecisional mindset has consequences for the outcome of the standardized ASSIST-linked Brief Intervention to reduce risky alcohol use among German university students. More specifically, participants in a deliberative mindset should be more open-minded and less resistant towards the intervention than participants in an implemental mindset. In contrast to the hypothesis, the results revealed that participants in an implemental mindset decreased their alcohol use after the brief intervention, whereas participants in a deliberative mindset even increased their alcohol consumption. No group differences emerged regarding risk perception. The findings suggest the mindset induction as a promising moderator of the effects of the brief intervention and point out the role of the decision status interacting with the interventional components.
The second research paper investigated again the effects of activating a deliberative and an implemental mindset on the outcome of a brief intervention to reduce khat consumption among university students from Ethiopia. Additionally, we hypothesized that the ASSIST-linked Brief Intervention adapted for khat would lead to a greater reduction in khat use compared to a control condition. The results showed a decrease in the amount and frequency of khat consumption, favoring the intervention group. Unlike the results of the first research paper, no significant differences regarding the mindset induction were detected. Furthermore, mental problems and change motivation were revealed as significant predictors of khat use.
Finally, the third research paper addressed the risk behavior of non-adherence to antipsychotics. Given that people with psychotic disorders face not only risks due to discontinuation of antipsychotic medication but also due to the intake, we developed and validated the Form to Assess Risk Perception of Antipsychotics (FRA; Fragebogen zur Risikowahrnehmung von Antipsychotika) in German. The results of an exploratory factor analysis with a sample of inpatients demonstrated the theoretically expected two-factor structure with one scale covering risk perception of taking antipsychotics and another scale covering perceived risks of discontinuation. Data from an online sample with outpatients demonstrated the convergent and discriminant validity of the questionnaire. The findings further indicated that the ratio of the two scores of the risk perception scales is associated with adherence and future risk behavior.
Taken together, the present thesis supports the effectiveness of the ASSIST-linked Brief Intervention within the scope of two risk behaviors and provides a new questionnaire to advance the understanding and treatment of another risk behavior. Beyond that, the findings of the three research papers converge to the conclusion that an individual's pre- or postdecisional state plays a crucial role in the outcome of specific interventional techniques to change risk behavior. Therefore, the thesis provides a framework for the integration of present risk theories into the mindset theory of action phases and points to novel ways to change risk behavior.
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BÜCHELE, Natascha, 2023. Motivational Interventions for Risk Behavior : New Perspectives from the Mindset Theory [Dissertation]. Konstanz: University of KonstanzBibTex
@phdthesis{Buchele2023Motiv-67918, year={2023}, title={Motivational Interventions for Risk Behavior : New Perspectives from the Mindset Theory}, author={Büchele, Natascha}, address={Konstanz}, school={Universität Konstanz} }
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Many interventions are developed to motivate people to reduce risk behaviors, yet their effectiveness needs to be improved. The present thesis aims to contribute to advancements of present interventions by investigating the processes of changing risk behavior from the perspective of the mindset theory of action phases. The research spans three different risk behaviors, namely hazardous alcohol use, khat consumption, and non-adherence to antipsychotics.<br /><br />The first research paper tested the hypothesis that the induction of a pre- or postdecisional mindset has consequences for the outcome of the standardized ASSIST-linked Brief Intervention to reduce risky alcohol use among German university students. More specifically, participants in a deliberative mindset should be more open-minded and less resistant towards the intervention than participants in an implemental mindset. In contrast to the hypothesis, the results revealed that participants in an implemental mindset decreased their alcohol use after the brief intervention, whereas participants in a deliberative mindset even increased their alcohol consumption. No group differences emerged regarding risk perception. The findings suggest the mindset induction as a promising moderator of the effects of the brief intervention and point out the role of the decision status interacting with the interventional components.<br /><br />The second research paper investigated again the effects of activating a deliberative and an implemental mindset on the outcome of a brief intervention to reduce khat consumption among university students from Ethiopia. Additionally, we hypothesized that the ASSIST-linked Brief Intervention adapted for khat would lead to a greater reduction in khat use compared to a control condition. The results showed a decrease in the amount and frequency of khat consumption, favoring the intervention group. Unlike the results of the first research paper, no significant differences regarding the mindset induction were detected. Furthermore, mental problems and change motivation were revealed as significant predictors of khat use. <br /><br />Finally, the third research paper addressed the risk behavior of non-adherence to antipsychotics. Given that people with psychotic disorders face not only risks due to discontinuation of antipsychotic medication but also due to the intake, we developed and validated the Form to Assess Risk Perception of Antipsychotics (FRA; Fragebogen zur Risikowahrnehmung von Antipsychotika) in German. The results of an exploratory factor analysis with a sample of inpatients demonstrated the theoretically expected two-factor structure with one scale covering risk perception of taking antipsychotics and another scale covering perceived risks of discontinuation. Data from an online sample with outpatients demonstrated the convergent and discriminant validity of the questionnaire. The findings further indicated that the ratio of the two scores of the risk perception scales is associated with adherence and future risk behavior.<br /><br />Taken together, the present thesis supports the effectiveness of the ASSIST-linked Brief Intervention within the scope of two risk behaviors and provides a new questionnaire to advance the understanding and treatment of another risk behavior. Beyond that, the findings of the three research papers converge to the conclusion that an individual's pre- or postdecisional state plays a crucial role in the outcome of specific interventional techniques to change risk behavior. 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