@article{Qureshi2023Solve-67048,
  year={2023},
  doi={10.1021/acsomega.3c01405},
  title={Solvent-Assisted Crystallization of an α-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Electron Transport Layer for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells Featuring Negligible Hysteresis},
  number={20},
  volume={8},
  journal={ACS Omega},
  pages={18106--18115},
  author={Qureshi, Akbar Ali and Javed, Sofia and Akram, Muhammad Aftab and Schmidt-Mende, Lukas and Fakharuddin, Azhar}
}

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    <dc:creator>Fakharuddin, Azhar</dc:creator>
    <dc:contributor>Akram, Muhammad Aftab</dc:contributor>
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    <dc:contributor>Javed, Sofia</dc:contributor>
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    <dcterms:abstract>Inorganic–organic metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) show power conversion efficiency values approaching those of state-of-the-art silicon solar cells. In a quest to find suitable charge transport materials in PSCs, hematite (α-Fe&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;) has emerged as a potential electron transport layer (ETL) in n–i–p planar PSCs due to its low cost, UV light stability, and nontoxicity. Yet, the performance of α-Fe&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;-based PSCs is far lower than that of state-of-the-art PSCs owing to the poor quality of the α-Fe&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; ETL. In this work, solvent-assisted crystallization of α-Fe&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; ETLs was carried out to examine the impact of solvents on the optoelectronic properties of α-Fe&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; thin films. Among the various solvents used in this study (deionized water, ethanol, iso-propanol, and iso-butanol), optimized ethanol-based α-Fe&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; ETLs lead to champion device performance with a power conversion efficiency of 13% with a reduced hysteresis index of 0.04 in an n–i–p-configured PSC. The PSC also exhibited superior long-term inert and ambient stabilities compared to a reference device made using a SnO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; ETL. Through a series of experiments spanning structural, morphological, and optoelectronic properties of the various α-Fe&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; thin films and their devices, we provide insights into the reasons for the improved photovoltaic performance. It is noted that the formation of a pinhole-free compact morphology of ETLs facilitates crack-free surface coverage of the perovskite film atop an α-Fe&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; ETL, reduces interfacial recombination, and enhances charge transfer efficiency. This work opens up the route toward novel ETLs for the development of efficient and photo-stable PSCs.</dcterms:abstract>
    <dc:creator>Akram, Muhammad Aftab</dc:creator>
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    <dc:contributor>Fakharuddin, Azhar</dc:contributor>
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    <dcterms:title>Solvent-Assisted Crystallization of an α-Fe&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; Electron Transport Layer for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells Featuring Negligible Hysteresis</dcterms:title>
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    <dc:creator>Qureshi, Akbar Ali</dc:creator>
    <dc:creator>Schmidt-Mende, Lukas</dc:creator>
    <dc:contributor>Qureshi, Akbar Ali</dc:contributor>
    <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
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    <dc:creator>Javed, Sofia</dc:creator>
    <dc:rights>Attribution 4.0 International</dc:rights>
    <dc:date rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime">2023-06-02T11:06:50Z</dc:date>
    <dcterms:issued>2023</dcterms:issued>
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