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From the shallow to the mesophotic : a characterization of Symbiodiniaceae diversity in the Red Sea NEOM region

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2023

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Terraneo, Tullia I.
Ouhssain, Mustapha
Castano, Carolina Bocanegra
Aranda, Manuel
Marchese, Fabio
Vimercati, Silvia
Chimienti, Giovanni
Eweida, Ameer A.
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Frontiers in Marine Science. Frontiers. 2023, 10, 1077805. eISSN 2296-7745. Available under: doi: 10.3389/fmars.2023.1077805

Zusammenfassung

Introduction The northern Red Sea has been coined a refuge for reef corals due to the exceptional thermal tolerance of these organisms. With ocean warming threatening coral reefs worldwide, a panoptic characterization of corals living in extreme conditions may provide insights into future responses of corals to environmental change. Among other factors, the genotype of the endosymbiotic algae in the family Symbiodiniaceae has been shown to have major implications on the distribution and resilience of their coral hosts. In this study, we aim at genotyping the Symbiodiniaceae communities associated with three depth generalist and one depth specialist coral species, characterized by the ability to withstand environmental conditions that are apparently limiting for other corals and occurring in a unique geographical region.

Methods We sampled 50 corals from the northern Saudi Arabian Red Sea and the Gulf of Aqaba, covering a 97 m bathymetric gradient. We used high-throughput ITS2 gene sequencing and recovered different patterns of host–algal associations.

Results and discussion The majority of the recovered algal genotypes appeared host- and environment-specific, while others were more widely distributed. At large, coral specimens were overwhelmingly associated with symbionts from the genus Cladocopium and specifically with many previously undescribed genotypes. This suggests the selection of specific genotypes, which might confer resistance and/or resilience to their host counterparts. Interestingly, we found a limited association with Durusdinium spp. and other known tolerant taxa in mesophotic corals in the northern Red Sea, but not in the Gulf of Aqaba. The broad absence of Durusdinium spp., typically ascribed to be stress tolerant, warrants further investigation into Symbiodiniaceae species that convey environmental resilience. Our data will serve as a baseline to explore the occurrence of specific symbionts that might be contributing to coral acclimation and adaptation and to assay how biodiversity might be impacted if subjected to increasing stressors.

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570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie

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symbiotic algae, MCES, next-generation sequencing - NGS, ITS2, SymPortal

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ISO 690TERRANEO, Tullia I., Mustapha OUHSSAIN, Carolina Bocanegra CASTANO, Manuel ARANDA, Benjamin C. C. HUME, Fabio MARCHESE, Silvia VIMERCATI, Giovanni CHIMIENTI, Ameer A. EWEIDA, Christian R. VOOLSTRA, 2023. From the shallow to the mesophotic : a characterization of Symbiodiniaceae diversity in the Red Sea NEOM region. In: Frontiers in Marine Science. Frontiers. 2023, 10, 1077805. eISSN 2296-7745. Available under: doi: 10.3389/fmars.2023.1077805
BibTex
@article{Terraneo2023-04-14shall-66802,
  year={2023},
  doi={10.3389/fmars.2023.1077805},
  title={From the shallow to the mesophotic : a characterization of Symbiodiniaceae diversity in the Red Sea NEOM region},
  volume={10},
  journal={Frontiers in Marine Science},
  author={Terraneo, Tullia I. and Ouhssain, Mustapha and Castano, Carolina Bocanegra and Aranda, Manuel and Hume, Benjamin C. C. and Marchese, Fabio and Vimercati, Silvia and Chimienti, Giovanni and Eweida, Ameer A. and Voolstra, Christian R.},
  note={Article Number: 1077805}
}
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    <dcterms:abstract>Introduction 
The northern Red Sea has been coined a refuge for reef corals due to the exceptional thermal tolerance of these organisms. With ocean warming threatening coral reefs worldwide, a panoptic characterization of corals living in extreme conditions may provide insights into future responses of corals to environmental change. Among other factors, the genotype of the endosymbiotic algae in the family Symbiodiniaceae has been shown to have major implications on the distribution and resilience of their coral hosts. In this study, we aim at genotyping the Symbiodiniaceae communities associated with three depth generalist and one depth specialist coral species, characterized by the ability to withstand environmental conditions that are apparently limiting for other corals and occurring in a unique geographical region.  

Methods 
We sampled 50 corals from the northern Saudi Arabian Red Sea and the Gulf of Aqaba, covering a 97 m bathymetric gradient. We used high-throughput ITS2 gene sequencing and recovered different patterns of host–algal associations.  

Results and discussion 
The majority of the recovered algal genotypes appeared host- and environment-specific, while others were more widely distributed. At large, coral specimens were overwhelmingly associated with symbionts from the genus Cladocopium and specifically with many previously undescribed genotypes. This suggests the selection of specific genotypes, which might confer resistance and/or resilience to their host counterparts. Interestingly, we found a limited association with Durusdinium spp. and other known tolerant taxa in mesophotic corals in the northern Red Sea, but not in the Gulf of Aqaba. The broad absence of Durusdinium spp., typically ascribed to be stress tolerant, warrants further investigation into Symbiodiniaceae species that convey environmental resilience. Our data will serve as a baseline to explore the occurrence of specific symbionts that might be contributing to coral acclimation and adaptation and to assay how biodiversity might be impacted if subjected to increasing stressors.</dcterms:abstract>
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