The Truth of the Illusion : Efraim Frisch’s Imposter Novel Zenobi (1927)1

Abstract

One the most remarkable descendants of the pícaro is the impostor. A societal outsider like his predecessor, the impostor uses lies to gain a higher social rank, a better professional position, or a larger fortune. And to embellish his life story he employs all kinds of narrative techniques. In his novel Zenobi (1927), the Galician-born Jewish writer and founder of the journal Der Neue Merkur Efraim Frisch (1873-1942) depicts a sympathetic impostor who appears unaware of his deceptions. Only by chance does the protagonist Zenobi discover his talent for slipping into various roles and playing other people, a skill grounded in his capacity for unconscious mimicry. Thus can he become a secret diplomat in the service of the monarchy, a highly respected neurologist, and an English lord. With the help of false titles and aristocratic appearance he acquires the favor of beautiful women and gains access to prestigious homes and societies. However, he does not perceive himself as a swindler, as he identifies completely with his roles and is therefore incapable of deliberate deception. This article explores the extent to which Zenobi’s story follows the traditional patterns of the picaresque novel, and how he transforms or parodies this genre. Ultimately, the aim is to reveal the connection between Zenobi's peculiar psychology and his deceptive tactics.