Ruthenium(II) complexes of azoimine and α-diimine ligands : synthesis, spectroscopic and electrochemical properties, crystal structures and DFT calculations

Abstract

Five octahedral ruthenium(II) complexes with azoimine–quinoline (Azo) and α-diimine (L) ligands having the general formula RuII(L)(Azo)Cl (1–5) {Azo: PhN=NC(COMe)=NC9H6N, L = 4,4′-dimethoxy-2,2′-bipyridine (dmeb) (1), 4,4′-di-tertbutyl-2,2′-bipyridine (dtb) (2), 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) (3), 5-chlorophenanthroline (Clphen) (4), or 3,4,7,8-tetramethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (tmphen) (5)} were prepared by stepwise addition of the tridentate azoimine (H2Azo) and α-diimine (L) pro-ligands to RuCl3 in refluxing EtOH. The tridentate azoimine–quinoline ligands coordinate to ruthenium via the Azo-N′, N′-imine and N″-quinolone nitrogen atoms. The spectroscopic properties (IR, UV/Vis, 1H, 13C and 19F NMR) and electrochemical behavior of complexes 1–5 and the X-ray crystal structures of complexes 2 and 3 are presented. The coordination of Ru(II) to these strong π-acceptor ligands (Azo and L) results in a large anodic shift for the Ru(III/II) couples of 1.63–1.72 V versus NHE. The electronic spectra in MeCN and IR spectra in CH2Cl2 for complex 3 in its oxidized 3+ and reduced 3− forms were investigated. The calculated absorption spectrum of 3 in MeCN was used to assign the UV–Vis absorption bands.