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Harnessing Van der Waals CrPS4 and Surface Oxides for Nonmonotonic Preset Field Induced Exchange Bias in Fe3GeTe2

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2024

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Puthirath Balan, Aravind
Kumar, Aditya
Scholz, Tanja
Lin, Zhongchong
Shahee, Aga
Fu, Shuai
Denneulin, Thibaud
Vas, Joseph
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Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG): 358671374
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG): 268565370
European Union (EU): 856538
National Natural Science Foundation of China: 11975035
National Natural Science Foundation of China: 12241401
European Union (EU): 101068014

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ACS Nano. ACS Publications. 2024, 18(11), pp. 8383-8391. ISSN 1936-0851. eISSN 1936-086X. Available under: doi: 10.1021/acsnano.3c13034

Zusammenfassung

Two-dimensional van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures are an attractive platform for studying exchange bias due to their defect-free and atomically flat interfaces. Chromium thiophosphate (CrPS4), an antiferromagnetic material, possesses uncompensated magnetic spins in a single layer, rendering it a promising candidate for exploring exchange bias phenomena. Recent findings have highlighted that naturally oxidized vdW ferromagnetic Fe3GeTe2 exhibits exchange bias, attributed to the antiferromagnetic coupling of its ultrathin surface oxide layer (O-FGT) with the underlying unoxidized Fe3GeTe2. Anomalous Hall measurements are employed to scrutinize the exchange bias within the CrPS4/(O-FGT)/Fe3GeTe2 heterostructure. This analysis takes into account the contributions from both the perfectly uncompensated interfacial CrPS4 layer and the interfacial oxide layer. Intriguingly, a distinct and nonmonotonic exchange bias trend is observed as a function of temperature below 140 K. The occurrence of exchange bias induced by a “preset field” implies that the prevailing phase in the polycrystalline surface oxide is ferrimagnetic Fe3O4. Moreover, the exchange bias induced by the ferrimagnetic Fe3O4 is significantly modulated by the presence of the van der Waals antiferromagnetic CrPS4 layer, forming a heterostructure, along with additional iron oxide phases within the oxide layer. These findings underscore the intricate and complex nature of exchange bias in van der Waals heterostructures, highlighting their potential for tailored manipulation and control.

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ISO 690PUTHIRATH BALAN, Aravind, Aditya KUMAR, Tanja SCHOLZ, Zhongchong LIN, Aga SHAHEE, Shuai FU, Thibaud DENNEULIN, Joseph VAS, Ulrich NOWAK, Mathias KLÄUI, 2024. Harnessing Van der Waals CrPS4 and Surface Oxides for Nonmonotonic Preset Field Induced Exchange Bias in Fe3GeTe2. In: ACS Nano. ACS Publications. 2024, 18(11), pp. 8383-8391. ISSN 1936-0851. eISSN 1936-086X. Available under: doi: 10.1021/acsnano.3c13034
BibTex
@article{PuthirathBalan2024-03-19Harne-69660,
  year={2024},
  doi={10.1021/acsnano.3c13034},
  title={Harnessing Van der Waals CrPS<sub>4</sub> and Surface Oxides for Nonmonotonic Preset Field Induced Exchange Bias in Fe<sub>3</sub>GeTe<sub>2</sub>},
  number={11},
  volume={18},
  issn={1936-0851},
  journal={ACS Nano},
  pages={8383--8391},
  author={Puthirath Balan, Aravind and Kumar, Aditya and Scholz, Tanja and Lin, Zhongchong and Shahee, Aga and Fu, Shuai and Denneulin, Thibaud and Vas, Joseph and Nowak, Ulrich and Kläui, Mathias}
}
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    <dcterms:abstract>Two-dimensional van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures are an attractive platform for studying exchange bias due to their defect-free and atomically flat interfaces. Chromium thiophosphate (CrPS&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;), an antiferromagnetic material, possesses uncompensated magnetic spins in a single layer, rendering it a promising candidate for exploring exchange bias phenomena. Recent findings have highlighted that naturally oxidized vdW ferromagnetic Fe&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;GeTe&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; exhibits exchange bias, attributed to the antiferromagnetic coupling of its ultrathin surface oxide layer (O-FGT) with the underlying unoxidized Fe3GeTe2. Anomalous Hall measurements are employed to scrutinize the exchange bias within the CrPS4/(O-FGT)/Fe&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;GeTe&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; heterostructure. This analysis takes into account the contributions from both the perfectly uncompensated interfacial CrPS&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; layer and the interfacial oxide layer. Intriguingly, a distinct and nonmonotonic exchange bias trend is observed as a function of temperature below 140 K. The occurrence of exchange bias induced by a “preset field” implies that the prevailing phase in the polycrystalline surface oxide is ferrimagnetic Fe3O4. Moreover, the exchange bias induced by the ferrimagnetic Fe&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; is significantly modulated by the presence of the van der Waals antiferromagnetic CrPS&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; layer, forming a heterostructure, along with additional iron oxide phases within the oxide layer. These findings underscore the intricate and complex nature of exchange bias in van der Waals heterostructures, highlighting their potential for tailored manipulation and control.</dcterms:abstract>
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