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Identification of the bacterial metabolite aerugine as potential trigger of human dopaminergic neurodegeneration

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2023

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TOX-Free Toxicity assessment on neurons and cardiomyocytes by means of FluoRescence Emitting Electrodes
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Environment International. Elsevier. 2023, 180, 108229. ISSN 0160-4120. eISSN 1873-6750. Available under: doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108229

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The causes of nigrostriatal cell death in idiopathic Parkinson’s disease are unknown, but exposure to toxic chemicals may play some role. We followed up here on suggestions that bacterial secondary metabolites might be selectively cytotoxic to dopaminergic neurons. Extracts from Streptomyces venezuelae were found to kill human dopaminergic neurons (LUHMES cells). Utilizing this model system as a bioassay, we identified a bacterial metabolite known as aerugine (C10H11NO2S; 2-[4-(hydroxymethyl)-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]phenol) and confirmed this finding by chemical re-synthesis. This 2-hydroxyphenyl-thiazoline compound was previously shown to be a product of a wide-spread biosynthetic cluster also found in the human microbiome and in several pathogens. Aerugine triggered half-maximal dopaminergic neurotoxicity at 3-4 µM. It was less toxic for other neurons (10-20 µM), and non-toxic (at <100 µM) for common human cell lines. Neurotoxicity was completely prevented by several iron chelators, by distinct anti-oxidants and by a caspase inhibitor. In the Caenorhabditis elegans model organism, general survival was not affected by aerugine concentrations up to 100 µM. When transgenic worms, expressing green fluorescent protein only in their dopamine neurons, were exposed to aerugine, specific neurodegeneration was observed. The toxicant also exerted functional dopaminergic toxicity in nematodes as determined by the “basal slowing response” assay. Thus, our research has unveiled a bacterial metabolite with a remarkably selective toxicity toward human dopaminergic neurons in vitro and for the dopaminergic nervous system of Caenorhabditis elegans in vivo. These findings suggest that microbe-derived environmental chemicals should be further investigated for their role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.

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570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie

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ISO 690ÜCKERT, Anna-Katharina, Sina RÜTSCHLIN, Simon GUTBIER, Isa HAUER, Anna-Katharina HOLZER, Birthe MEYBURG, Ann-Kathrin MIX, Christof R. HAUCK, Thomas BÖTTCHER, Marcel LEIST, 2023. Identification of the bacterial metabolite aerugine as potential trigger of human dopaminergic neurodegeneration. In: Environment International. Elsevier. 2023, 180, 108229. ISSN 0160-4120. eISSN 1873-6750. Available under: doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108229
BibTex
@article{Uckert2023-09Ident-67862,
  year={2023},
  doi={10.1016/j.envint.2023.108229},
  title={Identification of the bacterial metabolite aerugine as potential trigger of human dopaminergic neurodegeneration},
  volume={180},
  issn={0160-4120},
  journal={Environment International},
  author={Ückert, Anna-Katharina and Rütschlin, Sina and Gutbier, Simon and Hauer, Isa and Holzer, Anna-Katharina and Meyburg, Birthe and Mix, Ann-Kathrin and Hauck, Christof R. and Böttcher, Thomas and Leist, Marcel},
  note={Article Number: 108229}
}
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