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Design and evaluation of bi-functional iron chelators for protection of dopaminergic neurons from toxicants

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2020

Autor:innen

Gutbier, Simon
Kyriakou, Sotiris
Schildknecht, Stefan
Ückert, Anna-Katharina
Brüll, Markus
Lewis, Frank
Dickens, David
Pearson, Liam
Elson, Joanna L.
Leist, Marcel
et al.

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European Union (EU): 825759
European Union (EU): 681002

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EUToxRisk21
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Open Access Hybrid
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Archives of Toxicology. Springer. 2020, 94(9), pp. 3105-3123. ISSN 0340-5761. eISSN 1432-0738. Available under: doi: 10.1007/s00204-020-02826-y

Zusammenfassung

While the etiology of non-familial Parkinson’s disease (PD) remains unclear, there is evidence that increased levels of tissue iron may be a contributing factor. Moreover, exposure to some environmental toxicants is considered an additional risk factor. Therefore, brain-targeted iron chelators are of interest as antidotes for poisoning with dopaminergic toxicants, and as potential treatment of PD. We, therefore, designed a series of small molecules with high affinity for ferric iron and containing structural elements to allow their transport to the brain via the neutral amino acid transporter, LAT1 (SLC7A5). Five candidate molecules were synthesized and initially characterized for protection from ferroptosis in human neurons. The promising hydroxypyridinone SK4 was characterized further. Selective iron chelation within the physiological range of pH values and uptake by LAT1 were confirmed. Concentrations of 10–20 µM blocked neurite loss and cell demise triggered by the parkinsonian neurotoxicants, methyl-phenyl-pyridinium (MPP+) and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) in human dopaminergic neuronal cultures (LUHMES cells). Rescue was also observed when chelators were given after the toxicant. SK4 derivatives that either lacked LAT1 affinity or had reduced iron chelation potency showed altered activity in our assay panel, as expected. Thus, an iron chelator was developed that revealed neuroprotective properties, as assessed in several models. The data strongly support the role of iron in dopaminergic neurotoxicity and suggests further exploration of the proposed design strategy for improving brain iron chelation.

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570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie

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ISO 690GUTBIER, Simon, Sotiris KYRIAKOU, Stefan SCHILDKNECHT, Anna-Katharina ÜCKERT, Markus BRÜLL, Frank LEWIS, David DICKENS, Liam PEARSON, Joanna L. ELSON, Marcel LEIST, 2020. Design and evaluation of bi-functional iron chelators for protection of dopaminergic neurons from toxicants. In: Archives of Toxicology. Springer. 2020, 94(9), pp. 3105-3123. ISSN 0340-5761. eISSN 1432-0738. Available under: doi: 10.1007/s00204-020-02826-y
BibTex
@article{Gutbier2020-09Desig-50410,
  year={2020},
  doi={10.1007/s00204-020-02826-y},
  title={Design and evaluation of bi-functional iron chelators for protection of dopaminergic neurons from toxicants},
  number={9},
  volume={94},
  issn={0340-5761},
  journal={Archives of Toxicology},
  pages={3105--3123},
  author={Gutbier, Simon and Kyriakou, Sotiris and Schildknecht, Stefan and Ückert, Anna-Katharina and Brüll, Markus and Lewis, Frank and Dickens, David and Pearson, Liam and Elson, Joanna L. and Leist, Marcel}
}
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    <dcterms:abstract xml:lang="eng">While the etiology of non-familial Parkinson’s disease (PD) remains unclear, there is evidence that increased levels of tissue iron may be a contributing factor. Moreover, exposure to some environmental toxicants is considered an additional risk factor. Therefore, brain-targeted iron chelators are of interest as antidotes for poisoning with dopaminergic toxicants, and as potential treatment of PD. We, therefore, designed a series of small molecules with high affinity for ferric iron and containing structural elements to allow their transport to the brain via the neutral amino acid transporter, LAT1 (SLC7A5). Five candidate molecules were synthesized and initially characterized for protection from ferroptosis in human neurons. The promising hydroxypyridinone SK4 was characterized further. Selective iron chelation within the physiological range of pH values and uptake by LAT1 were confirmed. Concentrations of 10–20 µM blocked neurite loss and cell demise triggered by the parkinsonian neurotoxicants, methyl-phenyl-pyridinium (MPP+) and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) in human dopaminergic neuronal cultures (LUHMES cells). Rescue was also observed when chelators were given after the toxicant. SK4 derivatives that either lacked LAT1 affinity or had reduced iron chelation potency showed altered activity in our assay panel, as expected. Thus, an iron chelator was developed that revealed neuroprotective properties, as assessed in several models. The data strongly support the role of iron in dopaminergic neurotoxicity and suggests further exploration of the proposed design strategy for improving brain iron chelation.</dcterms:abstract>
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