Publikation: The role of APC/C inhibitor Emi2/XErp1 in oscillatory dynamics of early embryonic cell cycles
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The early embryonic Xenopus cell cycles are characterized by alternating oscillations of Cyclin-dependent kinase-1 (Cdk1) and Anaphase Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C) activities. The early cycles before midblastula transition lack significant inhibitory Cdk1 phosphorylations and are driven by periodic accumulation of Cyclin B before M phase and its degradation by APC/C at the end of M phase. Both experiments and mathematical modelling suggest that while Cdk1:CycB phosphorylation activates APC/C, it inhibits its co-activator Cdc20 (Fizzy). These interactions create an amplified negative-feedback loop which is at the heart of all cell cycle oscillations. Recent experiments find that the APC/C inhibitor, Emi2/XErp1 is essential for large amplitude and short period Cyclin B oscillations during early divisions in the intact Xenopus embryo. This finding is counter-intuitive since larger amplitudes should come with slower cycle times. We explain this paradox by analysing the amplified negative feedback model extended with APC/C inhibition by Emi2. We show that Emi2 interferes with the intrinsic time-delay in APC/C activation and inactivation to increase the amplitude as well as shorten the period of Cyclin B oscillation.
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VINOD, P.K., Xin ZHOU, Tongli ZHANG, Thomas U. MAYER, Bela NOVAK, 2013. The role of APC/C inhibitor Emi2/XErp1 in oscillatory dynamics of early embryonic cell cycles. In: Biophysical Chemistry. 2013, 177-178, pp. 1-6. ISSN 0301-4622. eISSN 1873-4200. Available under: doi: 10.1016/j.bpc.2013.03.002BibTex
@article{Vinod2013-07inhib-24228,
year={2013},
doi={10.1016/j.bpc.2013.03.002},
title={The role of APC/C inhibitor Emi2/XErp1 in oscillatory dynamics of early embryonic cell cycles},
volume={177-178},
issn={0301-4622},
journal={Biophysical Chemistry},
pages={1--6},
author={Vinod, P.K. and Zhou, Xin and Zhang, Tongli and Mayer, Thomas U. and Novak, Bela}
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="eng">The early embryonic Xenopus cell cycles are characterized by alternating oscillations of Cyclin-dependent kinase-1 (Cdk1) and Anaphase Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C) activities. The early cycles before midblastula transition lack significant inhibitory Cdk1 phosphorylations and are driven by periodic accumulation of Cyclin B before M phase and its degradation by APC/C at the end of M phase. Both experiments and mathematical modelling suggest that while Cdk1:CycB phosphorylation activates APC/C, it inhibits its co-activator Cdc20 (Fizzy). These interactions create an amplified negative-feedback loop which is at the heart of all cell cycle oscillations. Recent experiments find that the APC/C inhibitor, Emi2/XErp1 is essential for large amplitude and short period Cyclin B oscillations during early divisions in the intact Xenopus embryo. This finding is counter-intuitive since larger amplitudes should come with slower cycle times. We explain this paradox by analysing the amplified negative feedback model extended with APC/C inhibition by Emi2. We show that Emi2 interferes with the intrinsic time-delay in APC/C activation and inactivation to increase the amplitude as well as shorten the period of Cyclin B oscillation.</dcterms:abstract>
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