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Consequences of tree-tree interactions and the abiotic environment on the acquisition and internal allocation of nitrogen in temperate woody species

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2024

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18. Januar 2027

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In forest ecosystems, nitrogen (N) acquisition and internal allocation are affected by biotic interactions and the abiotic environment leading to changes in tree growth and development, altering forest composition. Biotic and abiotic factors have been studied extensively, but most research has focused on their effects on aboveground plant traits. Less attention was paid to belowground physiological processes of trees, which are required to be measured directly to understand the complexity of belowground interactions that affect plant growth. In my research, I used semi-controlled pot experiments and a field experiment to investigate the responses of European temperate woody species to tree-tree interactions and the abiotic environment with regard to growth, inorganic and organic N acquisition, and internal allocation of N to various N pools. In the first experiment, I used a two-species approach to study the competition effect between two tree seedlings of the same or different species at limited or excess soil N availability. In the second experiment, I worked with a multi-species approach using the same set of species as used in the first experiment to analyse how the seasonal changes over a growing season affect the competition within a tree community. In the third experiment, I investigated the effect of competition for N in an experiment under field conditions between four-year-old trees with a focus on their mycorrhizal association. General responses of the abiotic environment across the studied tree seedlings were found, whereas the outcome of tree-tree interactions on N acquisition (i.e. positively, negatively, or neutral) depended on the species and the neighbour. The acquisition patterns for inorganic and organic N sources changed over a growing season: At the beginning of a growing season, organic N sources were favoured over inorganic N, whereas all N sources were taken up equally in autumn. The changes in internal N allocation patterns indicated that N was remobilized from storage N pools in spring and reallocated from metabolic active pools in autumn. With excess compared to limited soil N, the studied species generally acquired more inorganic and organic N and increased growth. In contrast, the outcome of tree-tree interactions differed among species and was strongly driven by the abiotic environment (e.g. available soil N, seasonal changes). I showed that the outcome of competition depended on the neighbouring species’ identity and the number of neighbours (i.e. no neighbour vs. oneneighbour vs. a community of different species with multiple interactions). When comparing the N acquisition and allocation among tree species, my findings showed that these processes are species-specific and not used complementarily depending on the species´ functional properties (e.g. mycorrhizal association, species growth rate). I found diverse strategies within a tree species to buffer the potential competition for specific N sources depending on the interacting species. These different responses to tree-tree interactions can occur in parallel in forest communities, thereby masking potential counteracting effects. The responses to tree-tree interactions were not generally related to different functional properties (e.g. growth rate, mycorrhizal association), highlighting the importance of the interaction between multiple traits for species-specific N acquisition patterns. However, the effects of the included abiotic conditions (e.g. availability of N in the soil, seasonal changes) were similar on the N acquisition and internal N allocation in the studied tree species. The abiotic environment regulated the uptake and the internal allocation of N, thus changing the direction of tree interactions. Overall, my findings provide novel insights into interactions between temperate European tree seedlings with regard to their growth and the underlying physiological processes (i.e. external N acquisition and internal N allocation) in response to abiotic changes. These species-specific patterns in response to interactions under varying abiotic conditions should be taken into account in the development of management strategies in mixed forest ecosystems, especially under the aspect of climate change.

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570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie

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inorganic nitrogen, net nitrogen uptake capacity, organic nitrogen, soil N availability, mycorrhizal association, seasonal changes, intraspecific competition, interspecific competition

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ISO 690REUTER, Robert, 2024. Consequences of tree-tree interactions and the abiotic environment on the acquisition and internal allocation of nitrogen in temperate woody species [Dissertation]. Konstanz: Universität Konstanz
BibTex
@phdthesis{Reuter2024Conse-71990,
  title={Consequences of tree-tree interactions and the abiotic environment on the acquisition and internal allocation of nitrogen in temperate woody species},
  year={2024},
  author={Reuter, Robert},
  address={Konstanz},
  school={Universität Konstanz}
}
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In my research, I used semi-controlled pot experiments and a field experiment to investigate the responses of European temperate woody species to tree-tree interactions and the abiotic environment with regard to growth, inorganic and organic N acquisition, and internal allocation of N to various N pools. In the first experiment, I used a two-species approach to study the competition effect between two tree seedlings of the same or different species at limited or excess soil N availability. In the second experiment, I worked with a multi-species approach using the same set of species as used in the first experiment to analyse how the seasonal changes over a growing season affect the competition within a tree community. In the third experiment, I investigated the effect of competition for N in an experiment under field conditions between four-year-old trees with a focus on their mycorrhizal association.
General responses of the abiotic environment across the studied tree seedlings were found, whereas the outcome of tree-tree interactions on N acquisition (i.e. positively, negatively, or neutral) depended on the species and the neighbour. The acquisition patterns for inorganic and organic N sources changed over a growing season: At the beginning of a growing season, organic N sources were favoured over inorganic N, whereas all N sources were taken up
equally in autumn. The changes in internal N allocation patterns indicated that N was remobilized from storage N pools in spring and reallocated from metabolic active pools in autumn. With excess compared to limited soil N, the studied species generally acquired more inorganic and organic N and increased growth. In contrast, the outcome of tree-tree interactions differed among species and was strongly driven by the abiotic environment (e.g. available soil N, seasonal changes). I showed that the outcome of competition depended on the neighbouring species’ identity and the number of neighbours (i.e. no neighbour vs. oneneighbour vs. a community of different species with multiple interactions). When comparing the N acquisition and allocation among tree species, my findings showed that these processes are species-specific and not used complementarily depending on the species´ functional properties (e.g. mycorrhizal association, species growth rate).
I found diverse strategies within a tree species to buffer the potential competition for specific N sources depending on the interacting species. These different responses to tree-tree interactions can occur in parallel in forest communities, thereby masking potential counteracting effects. The responses to tree-tree interactions were not generally related to different functional properties (e.g. growth rate, mycorrhizal association), highlighting the importance of the interaction between multiple traits for species-specific N acquisition patterns. However, the effects of the included abiotic conditions (e.g. availability of N in the soil, seasonal changes) were similar on the N acquisition and internal N allocation in the studied tree species. The abiotic environment regulated the uptake and the internal allocation of N, thus changing the direction of tree interactions. Overall, my findings provide novel insights into interactions between temperate European tree seedlings with regard to their growth and the underlying physiological processes (i.e. external N acquisition and internal N allocation) in response to abiotic changes. These species-specific patterns in response to interactions under varying abiotic conditions should be taken into account in the development of management strategies in mixed forest ecosystems, especially under the aspect of climate change.</dcterms:abstract>
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Prüfungsdatum der Dissertation

December 12, 2024
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Konstanz, Univ., Diss., 2024
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