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Biogeography and global flows of 100 major alien fungal and fungus-like oomycete pathogens

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2024

Autor:innen

Schertler, Anna
Lenzner, Bernd
Dullinger, Stefan
Moser, Dietmar
Bufford, Jennifer L.
Ghelardini, Luisa
Santini, Alberto
Capinha, César
Monteiro, Miguel

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Journal of Biogeography. Wiley. 2024, 51(4), S. 599-617. ISSN 0305-0270. eISSN 1365-2699. Verfügbar unter: doi: 10.1111/jbi.14755

Zusammenfassung

Aim Spreading infectious diseases associated with introduced pathogens can have devastating effects on native biota and human livelihoods. We analyse the global distribution of 100 major alien fungal and oomycete pathogens with substantial socio-economic and environmental impacts and examine their taxonomy, ecological characteristics, temporal accumulation trajectories, regional hot- and coldspots of taxon richness and taxon flows between continents.

Location Global.

Taxon Alien/cryptogenic fungi and fungus-like oomycetes, pathogenic to plants or animals.

Methods To identify over/underrepresented classes and phyla, we performed Chi2 tests of independence. To describe spatial patterns, we calculated the region-wise richness and identified hot- and coldspots, defined as residuals after correcting taxon richness for region area and sampling effort via a quasi-Poisson regression. We examined the relationship with environmental and socio-economic drivers with a multiple linear regression and evaluated a potential island effect. Regional first records were pooled over 20-year periods, and for global flows the links between the native range to the alien regions were mapped.

Results Peronosporomycetes (Oomycota) were overrepresented among taxa and regional taxon richness was positively correlated with area and sampling effort. While no island effect was found, likely due to host limitations, hotspots were correlated with human modification of terrestrial land, per capita gross domestic product, temperate and tropical forest biomes, and orobiomes. Regional first records have increased steeply in recent decades. While Europe and Northern America were major recipients, about half of the taxa originate from Asia.

Main Conclusions We highlight the putative importance of anthropogenic drivers, such as land use providing a conducive environment, contact opportunities and susceptible hosts, as well as economic wealth likely increasing colonisation pressure. While most taxa were associated with socio-economic impacts, possibly partly due to a bias in research focus, about a third show substantial impacts to both socio-economy and the environment, underscoring the importance of maintaining a wholescale perspective across natural and managed systems.

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570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie

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ISO 690SCHERTLER, Anna, Bernd LENZNER, Stefan DULLINGER, Dietmar MOSER, Jennifer L. BUFFORD, Luisa GHELARDINI, Alberto SANTINI, César CAPINHA, Miguel MONTEIRO, Mark VAN KLEUNEN, 2024. Biogeography and global flows of 100 major alien fungal and fungus-like oomycete pathogens. In: Journal of Biogeography. Wiley. 2024, 51(4), S. 599-617. ISSN 0305-0270. eISSN 1365-2699. Verfügbar unter: doi: 10.1111/jbi.14755
BibTex
@article{Schertler2024-04Bioge-68877,
  year={2024},
  doi={10.1111/jbi.14755},
  title={Biogeography and global flows of 100 major alien fungal and fungus-like oomycete pathogens},
  number={4},
  volume={51},
  issn={0305-0270},
  journal={Journal of Biogeography},
  pages={599--617},
  author={Schertler, Anna and Lenzner, Bernd and Dullinger, Stefan and Moser, Dietmar and Bufford, Jennifer L. and Ghelardini, Luisa and Santini, Alberto and Capinha, César and Monteiro, Miguel and van Kleunen, Mark}
}
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Spreading infectious diseases associated with introduced pathogens can have devastating effects on native biota and human livelihoods. We analyse the global distribution of 100 major alien fungal and oomycete pathogens with substantial socio-economic and environmental impacts and examine their taxonomy, ecological characteristics, temporal accumulation trajectories, regional hot- and coldspots of taxon richness and taxon flows between continents.

Location
Global.

Taxon
Alien/cryptogenic fungi and fungus-like oomycetes, pathogenic to plants or animals.

Methods
To identify over/underrepresented classes and phyla, we performed Chi2 tests of independence. To describe spatial patterns, we calculated the region-wise richness and identified hot- and coldspots, defined as residuals after correcting taxon richness for region area and sampling effort via a quasi-Poisson regression. We examined the relationship with environmental and socio-economic drivers with a multiple linear regression and evaluated a potential island effect. Regional first records were pooled over 20-year periods, and for global flows the links between the native range to the alien regions were mapped.

Results
Peronosporomycetes (Oomycota) were overrepresented among taxa and regional taxon richness was positively correlated with area and sampling effort. While no island effect was found, likely due to host limitations, hotspots were correlated with human modification of terrestrial land, per capita gross domestic product, temperate and tropical forest biomes, and orobiomes. Regional first records have increased steeply in recent decades. While Europe and Northern America were major recipients, about half of the taxa originate from Asia.

Main Conclusions
We highlight the putative importance of anthropogenic drivers, such as land use providing a conducive environment, contact opportunities and susceptible hosts, as well as economic wealth likely increasing colonisation pressure. While most taxa were associated with socio-economic impacts, possibly partly due to a bias in research focus, about a third show substantial impacts to both socio-economy and the environment, underscoring the importance of maintaining a wholescale perspective across natural and managed systems.</dcterms:abstract>
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