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Risk-sensitive response of soaring birds to crosswind over dangerous sea highlights age-specific differences in migratory performance

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2024

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Santos, Carlos D.
Sapir, Nir
Granadeiro, José P.

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Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. The Royal Society. 2024, 291(2023), 20240454. ISSN 0962-8452. eISSN 1471-2954. Verfügbar unter: doi: 10.1098/rspb.2024.0454

Zusammenfassung

Challenges imposed by geographical barriers during migration are selective agents for animals. Juvenile soaring landbirds often cross large water bodies along their migratory path, where they lack updraft support and are vulnerable to harsh weather. However, the consequences of inexperience in accomplishing these water crossings remain largely unquantified. To address this knowledge gap, we tracked the movements of juvenile and adult black kites Milvus migrans over the Strait of Gibraltar using high-frequency tracking devices in variable crosswind conditions. We found that juveniles crossed under higher crosswind speeds and at wider sections of the strait compared with adults during easterly winds, which represent a high risk owing to their high speed and steady direction towards the Atlantic Ocean. Juveniles also drifted extensively with easterly winds, contrasting with adults who strongly compensated for lateral displacement through flapping. Age differences were inconspicuous during winds with a west crosswind speed component, as well as for airspeed modulation in all wind conditions. We suggest that the suboptimal sea-crossing behaviour of juvenile black kites may impact their survival rates, either by increasing chances of drowning owing to exhaustion or by depleting critical energy reserves needed to accomplish their first migration.

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570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie

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ISO 690SANTOS, Carlos D., Nir SAPIR, Paolo BECCIU, José P. GRANADEIRO, Martin WIKELSKI, 2024. Risk-sensitive response of soaring birds to crosswind over dangerous sea highlights age-specific differences in migratory performance. In: Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. The Royal Society. 2024, 291(2023), 20240454. ISSN 0962-8452. eISSN 1471-2954. Verfügbar unter: doi: 10.1098/rspb.2024.0454
BibTex
@article{Santos2024-05Risks-70084,
  year={2024},
  doi={10.1098/rspb.2024.0454},
  title={Risk-sensitive response of soaring birds to crosswind over dangerous sea highlights age-specific differences in migratory performance},
  number={2023},
  volume={291},
  issn={0962-8452},
  journal={Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences},
  author={Santos, Carlos D. and Sapir, Nir and Becciu, Paolo and Granadeiro, José P. and Wikelski, Martin},
  note={Article Number: 20240454}
}
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