Publikation: Quarantine as a public health measure against an emerging infectious disease : syphilis in Zurich at the dawn of the modern era (1496-1585)
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Zusammenfassung
Syphilis is considered as one of the most devastating sexually transmitted diseases in human history. Based on historical records, the "Böse Blattern" (German for "Evil Pocks") spread through Europe after 1495 and shared symptoms with what we know today as syphilis. Many cities took measures to protect their population. Here, transliterations of archival documents from the 15th and 16th century (provided in the appendix) are used to trace the steps taken by the governing authorities in Zurich to deal with this emerging infectious disease. One of the central measures taken by the city was to establish a quarantine facility referred to as the "Blatternhaus". The city doctors, including the well-known physician and naturalist Conrad Gessner, oversaw the obligatory quarantine and treatment of patients with symptoms. Treatment could range from better nutrition, herbal remedies and skin ointments to aggressive heat therapy and "smoking". Furthermore, the affliction was suspected as a sexually acquired disease, hence prostitutes and infected foreigners were extradited from the city. Meanwhile, the church used its social influence to promote a more "Christian" behavior. In several respects, the public health measures taken in the 16th century against a new and menacing epidemic do not diverge in their basic rationale from approaches used during the 20th century and today.
Zusammenfassung in einer weiteren Sprache
Syphilis gilt als eine der verheerendsten Geschlechtskrankheiten der Geschichte. Historischen Dokumenten zufolge verbreiteten sich die "Bösen Blattern", eine Krankheit mit Symptomen ähnlich der heutigen Syphilis, nach 1495 in Europa und viele Städte ergriffen Maßnahmen, um ihre Bevölkerung zu schützen. Hier nutzten wir Archivmaterial aus dem 15. und 16. Jahrhundert (siehe Appendix) um zu verstehen, welche Schritte die Ratsherren von Zürich einleiteten, um mit dieser neu aufkommenden Krankheit fertig zu werden. Eine der zentralen Maßnahmen der Stadt war die Eröffnung einer Quarantäneeinrichtung, das sogenannte "Blatternhaus". Die Ärzte der Stadt, unter anderem der bekannte Mediziner und Naturforscher Conrad Gessner, überwachten die obligatorische Quarantäne und die Behandlung der Patienten. Die Behandlung reichte von einer besseren Ernährung über pflanzliche Heilmittel und Wundsalben zur aggressiveren Hitzetherapie und dem "Räuchern". Zudem ahnten die Züricher bereits, dass die Krankheit sexuell übertragen wurde und verbannten Prostituierte und Fremde aus der Stadt. Gleichzeitig nutzte die Kirche ihren Einfluss, um mehr "christliches" und gesitteteres Benehmen zu fördern. In vielerlei Hinsicht ähneln die grundsätzlichen Maßnahmen, die im 16. Jahrhundert zum Schutz der öffentlichen Gesundheit gegen eine neue und drohende Epidemie ergriffen wurden, den Ansätzen, die während des 20. Jahrhunderts und heutzutage gebraucht werden.
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GALL, Gabriella, Stephan LAUTENSCHLAGER, Homayoun C. BAGHERI, 2016. Quarantine as a public health measure against an emerging infectious disease : syphilis in Zurich at the dawn of the modern era (1496-1585). In: GMS Hygiene and Infection Control. GMS (German Medical Science). 2016, 11, Doc13. eISSN 2196-5226. Available under: doi: 10.3205/dgkh000273BibTex
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year={2016},
doi={10.3205/dgkh000273},
title={Quarantine as a public health measure against an emerging infectious disease : syphilis in Zurich at the dawn of the modern era (1496-1585)},
volume={11},
journal={GMS Hygiene and Infection Control},
author={Gall, Gabriella and Lautenschlager, Stephan and Bagheri, Homayoun C.},
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