Publikation: Between Kantianism and Empiricism : Otto Hölder’s Philosophy of Geometry
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Hölder’s philosophy of geometry might appear to be the most problematic part of his epistemology. He maintains that geometry depends on experience also after Poincaré’s fundamental criticism of Helmholtz. Nevertheless, I think that Hölder’s view is worth discussing, for two reasons. Firstly, the related methodological considerations were crucial for the development of his epistemology. Secondly, Poincaré uses the opposition between Kantianism and empiricism to argue for his geometrical conventionalism. Nevertheless, Hölder shows that an alternative strategy is not excluded: he profits from Kantian objections in order to develop a consistent empiricism. At the same time, especially in Die mathematische Methode [Holder 1924], he vindicates the Kantian view that mathematics is synthetic. In this paper, I will consider Hölder’s defence of the deductive method in geometry in Anschauung und Denken in der Geometrie [Holder 1900] in connection with his approach to the theory of quantity [Holder 1901]. Moreover, I will discuss his connection with Kant. My suggestion is that Hölder’s methodological considerations enable him to foreshadow a relativized conception of the a priori.
Zusammenfassung in einer weiteren Sprache
La philosophie de la géométrie de Hölder, si l’on s’en tient à une lecture superficielle, est la part la plus problématique de son épistémologie. Il soutient que la géométrie est fondée sur l’expérience à la manière de Helmholtz, malgré les objections sérieuses de Poincaré. Néanmoins, je pense que la position de Hölder mérite d’être discutée pour deux motifs. Premièrement, ses implications méthodologiques furent importantes pour le développement de son épistémologie. Deuxièmement, Poincaré utilise l’opposition entre le kantisme et l’empirisme comme un argument pour justifier son conventionnalisme géométrique. Cependant, Hölder montre qu’une stratégie alternative n’est pas exclue: il sait tirer parti des objections kantiennes pour développer un empirisme cohérent. En même temps, surtout dans Die mathematische Methode [Holder 1924], il adopte aussi bien les expressions que les conceptions de Kant. Dans mon article, je considère d’abord les arguments de Hölder pour la méthode déductive en géométrie dans Anschauung und Denken in der Geometrie [Holder 1900], en relation avec sa façon d’aborder la théorie de la quantité [Holder 1901]. Ensuite, j’examine son rapport avec Kant. À mon sens, les considérations méthodologiques de Hölder lui permettent de préfigurer une relativisation de l’a priori.
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BIAGIOLI, Francesca, 2013. Between Kantianism and Empiricism : Otto Hölder’s Philosophy of Geometry. In: Philosophia Scientiae. 2013, 17(1), pp. 71-92. ISSN 1281-2463. eISSN 1775-4283. Available under: doi: 10.4000/philosophiascientiae.828BibTex
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