Publikation: Changes in Behavioral Time Allocation of Waterbirds in Wing-Molt at Lake Constance
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The reduced mobility of flightless waterbirds during wing-feather molt should influence time alloca- tion during the day, but time-budget studies are lacking in most species. Here, time budgets of flightless and fully- winged individuals at Lake Constance, Central Europe, were compared for five waterbird species with different feeding ecology and varying sensitivity to disturbances or predation pressure. Significant differences in diurnal ac- tivity budgets of flightless and fully-winged birds were observed in all five species. Different behaviors were respon- sible for the observed differences. Flightless Mute Swans Cygnus olor spent more time feeding while decreasing locomotory activity. Red-crested Pochard Netta rufina also increased feeding, but, in addition, had increased loco- motory activity while resting less. In contrast, flightless individuals of both Gadwall Anas strepera and Tufted Ducks Aythya fuligula spent less time foraging, while there was no such change in Eurasian Coot Fulica atra . More consistent patterns were observed in vigilance behavior, which increased in three of the five species. Comfort activities, such as preening, increased in two species, and were unchanged in the remaining three. Social interactions, which con- stituted only a small part of the daily budget, only changed in Gadwall. The present data suggest that the five water- bird species meet the increased energy demands during molt by either one or a combination of behavioral adaptations, i.e. different strategies, such as higher nutrient intake (e.g. Mute Swan, Red-crested Pochard), lower energy consumption by reducing the locomotory component (e.g. Mute Swan, Tufted Duck) or a breakdown of energy reserves deposited prior to the molting period resulting in more time spent resting (e.g. Gadwall). Also, in- creased resting times during the day may indicate nocturnal feeding, which needs to be examined in more detail. Received 25 September 2008, accepted 3 February 2009
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DÖPFNER, Markus, Petra QUILLFELDT, Hans-Günther BAUER, 2009. Changes in Behavioral Time Allocation of Waterbirds in Wing-Molt at Lake Constance. In: Waterbirds. 2009, 32(4), pp. 559-571. ISSN 1524-4695. eISSN 1938-5390. Available under: doi: 10.1675/063.032.0409BibTex
@article{Dopfner2009Chang-25873,
year={2009},
doi={10.1675/063.032.0409},
title={Changes in Behavioral Time Allocation of Waterbirds in Wing-Molt at Lake Constance},
number={4},
volume={32},
issn={1524-4695},
journal={Waterbirds},
pages={559--571},
author={Döpfner, Markus and Quillfeldt, Petra and Bauer, Hans-Günther}
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<dcterms:abstract xml:lang="eng">The reduced mobility of flightless waterbirds during wing-feather molt should influence time alloca- tion during the day, but time-budget studies are lacking in most species. Here, time budgets of flightless and fully- winged individuals at Lake Constance, Central Europe, were compared for five waterbird species with different feeding ecology and varying sensitivity to disturbances or predation pressure. Significant differences in diurnal ac- tivity budgets of flightless and fully-winged birds were observed in all five species. Different behaviors were respon- sible for the observed differences. Flightless Mute Swans Cygnus olor spent more time feeding while decreasing locomotory activity. Red-crested Pochard Netta rufina also increased feeding, but, in addition, had increased loco- motory activity while resting less. In contrast, flightless individuals of both Gadwall Anas strepera and Tufted Ducks Aythya fuligula spent less time foraging, while there was no such change in Eurasian Coot Fulica atra . More consistent patterns were observed in vigilance behavior, which increased in three of the five species. Comfort activities, such as preening, increased in two species, and were unchanged in the remaining three. Social interactions, which con- stituted only a small part of the daily budget, only changed in Gadwall. The present data suggest that the five water- bird species meet the increased energy demands during molt by either one or a combination of behavioral adaptations, i.e. different strategies, such as higher nutrient intake (e.g. Mute Swan, Red-crested Pochard), lower energy consumption by reducing the locomotory component (e.g. Mute Swan, Tufted Duck) or a breakdown of energy reserves deposited prior to the molting period resulting in more time spent resting (e.g. Gadwall). Also, in- creased resting times during the day may indicate nocturnal feeding, which needs to be examined in more detail. Received 25 September 2008, accepted 3 February 2009</dcterms:abstract>
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