Publikation:

Effects of physical (in)activity on neuromuscular and cardiovascular performance : from bedrest to high-intensity interval training

Lade...
Vorschaubild

Dateien

Venegas-Carro-2-15zxogrfw6t5p7.pdf
Venegas-Carro-2-15zxogrfw6t5p7.pdfGröße: 2.57 MBDownloads: 120

Datum

2023

Herausgeber:innen

Kontakt

ISSN der Zeitschrift

Electronic ISSN

ISBN

Bibliografische Daten

Verlag

Schriftenreihe

Auflagebezeichnung

DOI (zitierfähiger Link)
ArXiv-ID

Internationale Patentnummer

Link zur Lizenz

Angaben zur Forschungsförderung

Projekt

Open Access-Veröffentlichung
Open Access Green
Core Facility der Universität Konstanz

Gesperrt bis

Titel in einer weiteren Sprache

Publikationstyp
Dissertation
Publikationsstatus
Published

Erschienen in

Zusammenfassung

In the scientific community, a constant effort is made to better understand how the human body works and adapts to different circumstances. And particularly exercise physiology aims at clarifying how the body responds to physical activity and the mechanisms that cause training adaptations. Similarly, over the last more than 50 years, since the beginning of manned space exploration, space scientists have put a great amount of effort into understanding the effects of microgravity on the human body. Interestingly, at the centre of these two research areas, although with apparently different populations, the role of exercise and physical activity is a main topic. This intersection point is the basis for this dissertation. Therefore, the purpose of the present thesis was to explore the different physiological effects, specifically those in the neuromuscular and cardiorespiratory systems, that different intensities of activity—ranging from full inactivity at bed rest (BR) to high levels of activity with high-intensity interval training (HIIT)—exert on the human body. To achieve this, three research projects were conducted. The first study represented the statistical basis to establish the overall reliability and sensitivity of some of the strength and power tests that would be used in the subsequent two studies, and the effect that time plays between testing sessions of these measurements. The results showed that over the course of the 9 weeks, most measurements, but not all, were sensitive and reliable. With more consistent results achieved using the average of results rather than the best result per session. From an applied perspective, these findings have practical applications in increasing confidence in the results of the tests, providing valuable data for sample size calculations, estimating error, and determining if the results found from an intervention are due to error or an actual effect. The second project provided a starting point in the continuum of activity with the deconditioning of the human body. The aim of this study was to assess changes in the participants’ cardiovascular and neuromuscular performance before and after bed rest, and the effect of artificial gravity (AG) as a countermeasure. The results showed that participants in all groups, including those exposed to AG, suffered from severe deconditioning. Nevertheless, AG was partially able to mitigate the physiological consequences caused by BR. Therefore, we concluded that AG would have to be coupled with other forms of exercise to be considered an integral countermeasure for the deconditioning of the human body under BR and microgravity conditions. Finally, the third study contributed key data on the other end of the activity continuum. Its goal was to evaluate whether a jump HIIT could improve aerobic capacity and neuromuscular performance in a recreationally active population in comparison to a running HIIT. The results exhibited that despite identical programming in both HIIT intervention groups (e.g., training frequency, number of series, and work/rest durations), each exercise modality produced different adaptations: the jump training increased leg strength and the running group aerobic capacity. In the jumping group, there was also an important difference in the perceived difficulty of the training sessions, depending on the amount of time between consecutive jumps. With this in mind, it is clear that not only the choice of exercise but also subtle differences in how an exercise is performed can profoundly affect the training adaptations that one attains. All in all, these findings underline the importance of choosing the appropriate exercise type and modality, according to the adaptations that are desired to be obtained. From the findings of this dissertation, it is clear that insights from BR studies go beyond its application to the protection of astronauts in space. This approach is a great tool to further investigate and understand how the human body deconditions, adapts, and rehabilitates. The combined results of the presented BR and HIIT studies, along with related literature, suggest that to prevent deconditioning or produce adaptations in the neuromuscular system, fast and powerful exercises that produce high-strain rates, are essential. And that the cardiorespiratory system appears to be quite responsive to exercise stimulus, even under complete inactivity, provided that the right intensity is achieved.

Zusammenfassung in einer weiteren Sprache

Fachgebiet (DDC)
796 Sport

Schlagwörter

training science, physical performance, physical inactivity, austronaut training, artificial gravity, HIIT

Konferenz

Rezension
undefined / . - undefined, undefined

Forschungsvorhaben

Organisationseinheiten

Zeitschriftenheft

Zugehörige Datensätze in KOPS

Zitieren

ISO 690VENEGAS-CARRO, Maria, 2023. Effects of physical (in)activity on neuromuscular and cardiovascular performance : from bedrest to high-intensity interval training [Dissertation]. Konstanz: University of Konstanz
BibTex
@phdthesis{VenegasCarro2023-08-10Effec-67591,
  year={2023},
  title={Effects of physical (in)activity on neuromuscular and cardiovascular performance : from bedrest to high-intensity interval training},
  author={Venegas-Carro, Maria},
  address={Konstanz},
  school={Universität Konstanz}
}
RDF
<rdf:RDF
    xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/"
    xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
    xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
    xmlns:bibo="http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/"
    xmlns:dspace="http://digital-repositories.org/ontologies/dspace/0.1.0#"
    xmlns:foaf="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"
    xmlns:void="http://rdfs.org/ns/void#"
    xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#" > 
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="https://kops.uni-konstanz.de/server/rdf/resource/123456789/67591">
    <dcterms:hasPart rdf:resource="https://kops.uni-konstanz.de/bitstream/123456789/67591/4/Venegas-Carro-2-15zxogrfw6t5p7.pdf"/>
    <dcterms:abstract>In the scientific community, a constant effort is made to better understand how the human body works and adapts to different circumstances. And particularly exercise physiology aims at clarifying how the body responds to physical activity and the mechanisms that cause training adaptations. Similarly, over the last more than 50 years, since the beginning of manned space exploration, space scientists have put a great amount of effort into understanding the effects of microgravity on the human body. Interestingly, at the centre of these two research areas, although with apparently different populations, the role of exercise and physical activity is a main topic. This intersection point is the basis for this dissertation. Therefore, the purpose of the present thesis was to explore the different physiological effects, specifically those in the neuromuscular and cardiorespiratory systems, that different intensities of activity—ranging from full inactivity at bed rest (BR) to high levels of activity with high-intensity interval training (HIIT)—exert on the human body. To achieve this, three research projects were conducted.
The first study represented the statistical basis to establish the overall reliability and sensitivity of some of the strength and power tests that would be used in the subsequent two studies, and the effect that time plays between testing sessions of these measurements. The results showed that over the course of the 9 weeks, most measurements, but not all, were sensitive and reliable. With more consistent results achieved using the average of results rather than the best result per session. From an applied perspective, these findings have practical applications in increasing confidence in the results of the tests, providing valuable data for sample size calculations, estimating error, and determining if the results found from an intervention are due to error or an actual effect.
The second project provided a starting point in the continuum of activity with the deconditioning of the human body. The aim of this study was to assess changes in the participants’ cardiovascular and neuromuscular performance before and after bed rest, and the effect of artificial gravity (AG) as a countermeasure. The results showed that participants in all groups, including those exposed to AG, suffered from severe deconditioning. Nevertheless, AG was partially able to mitigate the physiological consequences caused by BR. Therefore, we concluded that AG would have to be coupled with other forms of exercise to be considered an integral countermeasure for the deconditioning of the human body under BR and microgravity conditions.
Finally, the third study contributed key data on the other end of the activity continuum. Its goal was to evaluate whether a jump HIIT could improve aerobic capacity and neuromuscular performance in a recreationally active population in comparison to a running HIIT. The results exhibited that despite identical programming in both HIIT intervention groups (e.g., training frequency, number of series, and work/rest durations), each exercise modality produced different adaptations: the jump training increased leg strength and the running group aerobic capacity. In the jumping group, there was also an important difference in the perceived difficulty of the training sessions, depending on the amount of time between consecutive jumps. With this in mind, it is clear that not only the choice of exercise but also subtle differences in how an exercise is performed can profoundly affect the training adaptations that one attains. All in all, these findings underline the importance of choosing the appropriate exercise type and modality, according to the adaptations that are desired to be obtained.
From the findings of this dissertation, it is clear that insights from BR studies go beyond its application to the protection of astronauts in space. This approach is a great tool to further investigate and understand how the human body deconditions, adapts, and rehabilitates. The combined results of the presented BR and HIIT studies, along with related literature, suggest that to prevent deconditioning or produce adaptations in the neuromuscular system, fast and powerful exercises that produce high-strain rates, are essential. And that the cardiorespiratory system appears to be quite responsive to exercise stimulus, even under complete inactivity, provided that the right intensity is achieved.</dcterms:abstract>
    <dspace:hasBitstream rdf:resource="https://kops.uni-konstanz.de/bitstream/123456789/67591/4/Venegas-Carro-2-15zxogrfw6t5p7.pdf"/>
    <foaf:homepage rdf:resource="http://localhost:8080/"/>
    <dcterms:isPartOf rdf:resource="https://kops.uni-konstanz.de/server/rdf/resource/123456789/35"/>
    <dc:creator>Venegas-Carro, Maria</dc:creator>
    <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
    <dcterms:rights rdf:resource="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"/>
    <dcterms:issued>2023-08-10</dcterms:issued>
    <dc:contributor>Venegas-Carro, Maria</dc:contributor>
    <void:sparqlEndpoint rdf:resource="http://localhost/fuseki/dspace/sparql"/>
    <bibo:uri rdf:resource="https://kops.uni-konstanz.de/handle/123456789/67591"/>
    <dcterms:available rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime">2023-08-11T10:24:55Z</dcterms:available>
    <dc:rights>Attribution 4.0 International</dc:rights>
    <dc:date rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime">2023-08-11T10:24:55Z</dc:date>
    <dcterms:title>Effects of physical (in)activity on neuromuscular and cardiovascular performance : from bedrest to high-intensity interval training</dcterms:title>
    <dspace:isPartOfCollection rdf:resource="https://kops.uni-konstanz.de/server/rdf/resource/123456789/35"/>
  </rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>

Interner Vermerk

xmlui.Submission.submit.DescribeStep.inputForms.label.kops_note_fromSubmitter

Kontakt
URL der Originalveröffentl.

Prüfdatum der URL

Prüfungsdatum der Dissertation

July 10, 2023
Hochschulschriftenvermerk
Konstanz, Univ., Diss., 2023
Finanzierungsart

Kommentar zur Publikation

Allianzlizenz
Corresponding Authors der Uni Konstanz vorhanden
Internationale Co-Autor:innen
Universitätsbibliographie
Nein
Begutachtet
Diese Publikation teilen