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The appendicularian Oikopleura dioica can enhance carbon export in a high CO2 ocean

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2024

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Taucher, Jan
Lechtenbörger, Anna Katharina
Bouquet, Jean‐Marie
Spisla, Carsten
Boxhammer, Tim
Minutolo, Fabrizio
Bach, Lennart Thomas
Sswat, Michael
Dörner, Isabel
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Global Change Biology. Wiley. 2024, 30(1), e17020. ISSN 1354-1013. eISSN 1365-2486. Available under: doi: 10.1111/gcb.17020

Zusammenfassung

Gelatinous zooplankton are increasingly recognized to play a key role in the ocean's biological carbon pump. Appendicularians, a class of pelagic tunicates, are among the most abundant gelatinous plankton in the ocean, but it is an open question how their contribution to carbon export might change in the future. Here, we conducted an experiment with large volume in situ mesocosms (~55–60 m3 and 21 m depth) to investigate how ocean acidification (OA) extreme events affect food web structure and carbon export in a natural plankton community, particularly focusing on the keystone species Oikopleura dioica, a globally abundant appendicularian. We found a profound influence of O. dioica on vertical carbon fluxes, particularly during a short but intense bloom period in the high CO2 treatment, during which carbon export was 42%–64% higher than under ambient conditions. This elevated flux was mostly driven by an almost twofold increase in O. dioica biomass under high CO2. This rapid population increase was linked to enhanced fecundity (+20%) that likely resulted from physiological benefits of low pH conditions. The resulting competitive advantage of O. dioica resulted in enhanced grazing on phytoplankton and transfer of this consumed biomass into sinking particles. Using a simple carbon flux model for O. dioica, we estimate that high CO2 doubled the carbon flux of discarded mucous houses and fecal pellets, accounting for up to 39% of total carbon export from the ecosystem during the bloom. Considering the wide geographic distribution of O. dioica, our findings suggest that appendicularians may become an increasingly important vector of carbon export with ongoing OA.

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570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie

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biological carbon pump, carbon fluxes, gelatinous zooplankton, global change, larvaceans, mesocosm experiments, ocean acidification

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ISO 690TAUCHER, Jan, Anna Katharina LECHTENBÖRGER, Jean‐Marie BOUQUET, Carsten SPISLA, Tim BOXHAMMER, Fabrizio MINUTOLO, Lennart Thomas BACH, Kai LOHBECK, Michael SSWAT, Isabel DÖRNER, 2024. The appendicularian Oikopleura dioica can enhance carbon export in a high CO2 ocean. In: Global Change Biology. Wiley. 2024, 30(1), e17020. ISSN 1354-1013. eISSN 1365-2486. Available under: doi: 10.1111/gcb.17020
BibTex
@article{Taucher2024appen-68811,
  year={2024},
  doi={10.1111/gcb.17020},
  title={The appendicularian Oikopleura dioica can enhance carbon export in a high CO<sub>2</sub> ocean},
  number={1},
  volume={30},
  issn={1354-1013},
  journal={Global Change Biology},
  author={Taucher, Jan and Lechtenbörger, Anna Katharina and Bouquet, Jean‐Marie and Spisla, Carsten and Boxhammer, Tim and Minutolo, Fabrizio and Bach, Lennart Thomas and Lohbeck, Kai and Sswat, Michael and Dörner, Isabel},
  note={Article Number: e17020}
}
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