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The genomes of all lungfish inform on genome expansion and tetrapod evolution

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Datum

2024

Autor:innen

Schartl, Manfred
Du, Kang
Kneitz, Susanne
Pippel, Martin
Brown, Thomas
et al.

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European Union (EU): 945026
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG): 407482635
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG): 423957469

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Open Access-Veröffentlichung
Core Facility der Universität Konstanz

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Published

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Nature. Springer. ISSN 0028-0836. eISSN 1476-4687. Verfügbar unter: doi: 10.1038/s41586-024-07830-1

Zusammenfassung

The genomes of living lungfishes can inform on the molecular-developmental basis of the Devonian sarcopterygian fish–tetrapod transition. We de novo sequenced the genomes of the African (Protopterus annectens) and South American lungfishes (Lepidosiren paradoxa). The Lepidosiren genome (about 91 Gb, roughly 30 times the human genome) is the largest animal genome sequenced so far and more than twice the size of the Australian (Neoceratodus forsteri)1 and African2 lungfishes owing to enlarged intergenic regions and introns with high repeat content (about 90%). All lungfish genomes continue to expand as some transposable elements (TEs) are still active today. In particular, Lepidosiren’s genome grew extremely fast during the past 100 million years (Myr), adding the equivalent of one human genome every 10 Myr. This massive genome expansion seems to be related to a reduction of PIWI-interacting RNAs and C2H2 zinc-finger and Krüppel-associated box (KRAB)-domain protein genes that suppress TE expansions. Although TE abundance facilitates chromosomal rearrangements, lungfish chromosomes still conservatively reflect the ur-tetrapod karyotype. Neoceratodus’ limb-like fins still resemble those of their extinct relatives and remained phenotypically static for about 100 Myr. We show that the secondary loss of limb-like appendages in the Lepidosiren–Protopterus ancestor was probably due to loss of sonic hedgehog limb-specific enhancers.

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Fachgebiet (DDC)
570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie

Schlagwörter

Evolutionary developmental biology, Evolutionary genetics, Genomics, Piwi RNAs, Transposition

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ISO 690SCHARTL, Manfred, Joost M. WOLTERING, Iker IRISARRI, Kang DU, Susanne KNEITZ, Martin PIPPEL, Thomas BROWN, Paolo FRANCHINI, Ming LI, Axel MEYER, 2024. The genomes of all lungfish inform on genome expansion and tetrapod evolution. In: Nature. Springer. ISSN 0028-0836. eISSN 1476-4687. Verfügbar unter: doi: 10.1038/s41586-024-07830-1
BibTex
@article{Schartl2024-08-14genom-70677,
  year={2024},
  doi={10.1038/s41586-024-07830-1},
  title={The genomes of all lungfish inform on genome expansion and tetrapod evolution},
  issn={0028-0836},
  journal={Nature},
  author={Schartl, Manfred and Woltering, Joost M. and Irisarri, Iker and Du, Kang and Kneitz, Susanne and Pippel, Martin and Brown, Thomas and Franchini, Paolo and Li, Ming and Meyer, Axel}
}
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