Solipsism : The Leitmotif in Wittgenstein’s Life and Philosophy

Abstract

This paper will highlight the close relationship between Wittgenstein’s life and train of thought, using his treatment of solipsism as an example. The intensity with which Wittgenstein explored this theme hints towards an existential and cultural background that is further developed in a comparison of his works with the entries in his diaries. The treatment of solipsism will be presented as an expression of an inner wrestling for the correct view of world and life. The transition from early to late philosophical thought is paired with a revised understanding of the concept of a felicitous life, which in turn is reflected in an altered understanding of language. The replacement of an analysis of the general form of propositions by the description of language games and the departure from logical forms towards forms of life – from a practical point of view – corresponds with a new approach to overcoming alienation.For a systematic assessment of Wittgenstein’s initial espousal of solipsism (in the Tractatus) and his later criticism (in the Philosophical Investigations), the various types of solipsism, which Wittgenstein used as benchmarks, will be taken into consideration, in particular, Weininger’s ethical solipsism, Schopenhauer’s contemplative aesthetic solipsism as well as Descartes’ methodological solipsism.