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Discovery of boronic acid-based potent activators of tumor pyruvate kinase M2 and development of gastroretentive nanoformulation for oral dosing

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2021

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Patle, Rajkumar
Shinde, Shital
Patel, Sagarkumar
Maheshwari, Rahul
Jariyal, Heena
Srivastava, Akshay
Tekade, Rakesh K.
Shard, Amit
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Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters. Elsevier. 2021, 42, 128062. ISSN 0960-894X. eISSN 1464-3405. Available under: doi: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128062

Zusammenfassung

Several studies have established that cancer cells explicitly over-express the less active isoform of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) is critical for tumorigenesis. The activation of PKM2 towards tetramer formation may increase affinity towards phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and avoidance of the Warburg effect. Herein, we describe the design, synthesis, and development of boronic acid-based molecules as activators of PKM2. The designed molecules were inspired by existing anticancer scaffolds and several fragments were assembled in the derivatives. 6a-6d were synthesized using a multi-step synthetic strategy in 55-70% yields, starting from cheap and readily available materials. The compounds were selectively cytotoxic to kill the cancerous cells at 80 nM, while they were non-toxic to the normal cells. The kinetic studies established the compounds as novel activators of PKM2 and (E/Z)-(4-(3-(2-((4-chlorophenyl)amino)-4-(dimethylamino)thiazol-5-yl)-2-(ethoxycarbonyl)-3-oxoprop-1-en-1-yl) phenyl)boronic acid (6c) emerged as the most potent derivative. 6c was further evaluated using various in silico tools to understand the molecular mechanism of tetramer formation. Docking studies revealed that 6c binds to the PKM2 dimer at the dimeric interface. Further to ascertain the binding site and mechanism of action, rigorous MD (molecular dynamics) simulations were undertaken, which led to the conclusion that 6c stabilizes the center of the dimeric interface that possibly promotes tetramer formation. We further planned to make a tablet of the developed molecule for oral delivery, but it was seriously impeded owing to poor aqueous solubility of 6c. To improve aqueous solubility and retain 6c at the lower gastrointestinal tract, thiolated chitosan-based nanoparticles (TCNPs) were prepared and further developed as tablet dosage form to retain anticancer potency in the excised goat colon. Our findings may provide a valuable pharmacological mechanism for understanding metabolic underpinnings that may aid in the clinical development of new anticancer agents targeting PKM2.

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540 Chemie

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Cancer, Pyruvate kinase M2, Boronic acid, Nanoformulation, MD simulations, Thiolatedchitosan-based nanoparticles (TCNPs)

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ISO 690PATLE, Rajkumar, Shital SHINDE, Sagarkumar PATEL, Rahul MAHESHWARI, Heena JARIYAL, Akshay SRIVASTAVA, Christoph GLOBISCH, Alok JAIN, Rakesh K. TEKADE, Amit SHARD, 2021. Discovery of boronic acid-based potent activators of tumor pyruvate kinase M2 and development of gastroretentive nanoformulation for oral dosing. In: Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters. Elsevier. 2021, 42, 128062. ISSN 0960-894X. eISSN 1464-3405. Available under: doi: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128062
BibTex
@article{Patle2021-06-15Disco-53991,
  year={2021},
  doi={10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128062},
  title={Discovery of boronic acid-based potent activators of tumor pyruvate kinase M2 and development of gastroretentive nanoformulation for oral dosing},
  volume={42},
  issn={0960-894X},
  journal={Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters},
  author={Patle, Rajkumar and Shinde, Shital and Patel, Sagarkumar and Maheshwari, Rahul and Jariyal, Heena and Srivastava, Akshay and Globisch, Christoph and Jain, Alok and Tekade, Rakesh K. and Shard, Amit},
  note={Article Number: 128062}
}
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