Publikation: Nature's nitrite-to-ammonia expressway, with no stop at dinitrogen
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Since the characterization of cytochrome c552 as a multiheme nitrite reductase, research on this enzyme has gained major interest. Today, it is known as pentaheme cytochrome c nitrite reductase (NrfA). Part of the NH4+ produced from NO2- is released as NH3 leading to nitrogen loss, similar to denitrification which generates NO, N2O, and N2. NH4+ can also be used for assimilatory purposes, thus NrfA contributes to nitrogen retention. It catalyses the six-electron reduction of NO2- to NH4+, hosting four His/His ligated c-type hemes for electron transfer and one structurally differentiated active site heme. Catalysis occurs at the distal side of a Fe(III) heme c proximally coordinated by lysine of a unique CXXCK motif (Sulfurospirillum deleyianum, Wolinella succinogenes) or, presumably, by the canonical histidine in Campylobacter jejeuni. Replacement of Lys by His in NrfA of W. succinogenes led to a significant loss of enzyme activity. NrfA forms homodimers as shown by high resolution X-ray crystallography, and there exist at least two distinct electron transfer systems to the enzyme. In γ-proteobacteria (Escherichia coli) NrfA is linked to the menaquinol pool in the cytoplasmic membrane through a pentaheme electron carrier (NrfB), in δ- and ε-proteobacteria (S. deleyianum, W. succinogenes), the NrfA dimer interacts with a tetraheme cytochrome c (NrfH). Both form a membrane-associated respiratory complex on the extracellular side of the cytoplasmic membrane to optimize electron transfer efficiency. This minireview traces important steps in understanding the nature of pentaheme cytochrome c nitrite reductases, and discusses their structural and functional features.
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KRONECK, Peter M. H., 2022. Nature's nitrite-to-ammonia expressway, with no stop at dinitrogen. In: Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry (JBIC). Springer. 2022, 27(1), pp. 1-21. ISSN 0949-8257. eISSN 1432-1327. Available under: doi: 10.1007/s00775-021-01921-4BibTex
@article{Kroneck2022-02Natur-55930, year={2022}, doi={10.1007/s00775-021-01921-4}, title={Nature's nitrite-to-ammonia expressway, with no stop at dinitrogen}, number={1}, volume={27}, issn={0949-8257}, journal={Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry (JBIC)}, pages={1--21}, author={Kroneck, Peter M. H.} }
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