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Neuromuscular Components of Endurance

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2024

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The cardiorespiratory and muscular system are highly adjustable organ systems, adapting specifically in structure and function to the demands of endurance exercise. Research on acute and chronic adaptations of the central nervous system after endurance-type tasks have not been studied extensively. However, recent research suggests that different components of the neuromuscular system may be prone to plastic and functional modifications evoked by different types of exercise. Therefore, the research objective of this thesis was to identify properties of the central nervous system that contribute to the improvement of endurance capacity and help understand its underlying processes.

Four studies were conducted which combined methods of applied neurophysiology and exercise physiology to investigate on acute modulations in the central nervous system as well as training-induced changes in the neuromuscular system in different endurancespecific settings. First, it was investigated if repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation can acutely enhance performance in the cycling-specific Wingate Anaerobic Test and concurrently suppress supraspinal fatigue. For the first time it was shown that an intermittent theta burst protocol can increase peak power and maximal pedaling cadence accompanied by lower supraspinal fatigue in a sport-specific task. The second study examined if active recovery over passive recovery can positively affect recovery processes within the CNS and within the exercised muscle after a strenuous endurance task. The results indicate that active recovery has a positive effect on supraspinal fatigue, without any effect on muscular fatigue or subsequent overall performance. A longitudinal study investigated the capability of the neuromuscular system to adapt to a specific regime of sprint-interval training cycling which was able to significantly increase endurance performance. As the results for the control variable (endurance performance) could not be reproduced, the neuromuscular findings in this study are inconclusive and only limited to test-retest effect. The aim of the last study for this thesis was to identify use-dependent spinal plasticity in well-trained endurance athletes by comparing the H-reflex in the soleus muscle to that of untrained individuals. There was no evidence that cyclists show use-dependent spinal plasticity as a result of long-term endurance training.

This thesis shows that the neuromuscular system can be readily modified by external or internal processes. Especially supraspinal centers of the CNS might be one of the neuromuscular components that is receptive to a given input. A single bout of exhaustive endurance exercise might already be sufficient stimulus to alter central and peripheral elements of the neuromuscular system for several weeks. However, these modifications are not automatically translated into an improved endurance performance. Apart from the neurophysiological conclusions, the absence of results requires to address the publication bias and the reproducibility crisis amongst the scientific community.

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Fachgebiet (DDC)
796 Sport

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Neuromuscular System, Neuromuscular Fatigue, Central Nervous System, Central Fatigue, Peripheral Fatigue, Endurance, Cycling

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ISO 690BERTSCHINGER, Raphael, 2024. Neuromuscular Components of Endurance [Dissertation]. Konstanz: Universität Konstanz
BibTex
@phdthesis{Bertschinger2024-12-11Neuro-72045,
  title={Neuromuscular Components of Endurance},
  year={2024},
  author={Bertschinger, Raphael},
  address={Konstanz},
  school={Universität Konstanz}
}
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Four studies were conducted which combined methods of applied neurophysiology and exercise physiology to investigate on acute modulations in the central nervous system as well as training-induced changes in the neuromuscular system in different endurancespecific settings. First, it was investigated if repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation can acutely enhance performance in the cycling-specific Wingate Anaerobic Test and concurrently suppress supraspinal fatigue. For the first time it was shown that an intermittent theta burst protocol can increase peak power and maximal pedaling cadence accompanied by lower supraspinal fatigue in a sport-specific task. The second study examined if active recovery over passive recovery can positively affect recovery processes within the CNS and within the exercised muscle after a strenuous endurance task. The results indicate that active recovery has a positive effect on supraspinal fatigue, without any effect on muscular fatigue or subsequent overall performance. A longitudinal study investigated the capability of the neuromuscular system to adapt to a specific regime of sprint-interval training cycling which was able to significantly increase endurance performance. As the results for the control variable (endurance performance) could not be reproduced, the neuromuscular findings in this study are inconclusive and only limited to test-retest effect. The aim of the last study for this thesis was to identify use-dependent spinal plasticity in well-trained endurance athletes by comparing the H-reflex in the soleus muscle to that of untrained individuals. There was no evidence that cyclists show use-dependent spinal plasticity as a result of long-term endurance training.

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Prüfungsdatum der Dissertation

December 11, 2024
Hochschulschriftenvermerk
Konstanz, Univ., Diss., 2024
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