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Seasonal and comparative evidence of adaptive gene expression in mammalian brain size plasticity

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2024

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Thomas, William R.
Richter, Troy
O’Neil, Erin T.
Corthals, Angelique P.
Elverfeldt, Dominik von
Nieland, John
Hunter, Richard G.
Dávalos, Liliana M.

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Published

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eLife. eLife Sciences Publications. eISSN 2050-084X. Verfügbar unter: doi: 10.7554/elife.100788.1

Zusammenfassung

Contrasting almost all other mammalian wintering strategies, Eurasian common shrews, Sorex araneus, endure winter by shrinking their brain, skull, and most organs, only to then regrow to breeding size the following spring. How such tiny mammals achieve this unique brain size plasticity while maintaining activity through the winter remains unknown. To discover potential adaptations underlying this trait, we analyzed seasonal differential expression in the shrew hypothalamus, a brain region that both regulates metabolic homeostasis and drastically changes size and compared hypothalamus expression across species. We discovered seasonal variation in suites of genes involved in energy homeostasis and apoptosis, shrew-specific upregulation of genes involved in the development of the hypothalamic blood brain barrier and calcium signaling, as well as overlapping seasonal and comparative gene expression divergence in genes implicated in the development and progression of human neurological and metabolic disorders, including CCDC22, FAM57B, and GPR3. With high metabolic rates and facing harsh winter conditions, Sorex araneus have evolved both adaptive and plastic mechanisms to sense and regulate its energy budget. Many of these expression changes mirrored those identified in human neurological and metabolic disease, highlighting the interactions between metabolic homeostasis, brain size plasticity, and longevity.

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570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie

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ISO 690THOMAS, William R., Troy RICHTER, Erin T. O’NEIL, Cecilia BALDONI, Angelique P. CORTHALS, Dominik von ELVERFELDT, John NIELAND, Dina K. N. DECHMANN, Richard G. HUNTER, Liliana M. DÁVALOS, 2024. Seasonal and comparative evidence of adaptive gene expression in mammalian brain size plasticity. In: eLife. eLife Sciences Publications. eISSN 2050-084X. Verfügbar unter: doi: 10.7554/elife.100788.1
BibTex
@article{Thomas2024-11-19Seaso-71393,
  year={2024},
  doi={10.7554/elife.100788.1},
  title={Seasonal and comparative evidence of adaptive gene expression in mammalian brain size plasticity},
  journal={eLife},
  author={Thomas, William R. and Richter, Troy and O’Neil, Erin T. and Baldoni, Cecilia and Corthals, Angelique P. and Elverfeldt, Dominik von and Nieland, John and Dechmann, Dina K. N. and Hunter, Richard G. and Dávalos, Liliana M.}
}
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Supplementary tables, data, results, and code deposited and found on Github
Supplemental Figures. S1–S2
Online First: Zeitschriftenartikel, die schon vor ihrer Zuordnung zu einem bestimmten Zeitschriftenheft (= Issue) online gestellt werden. Online First-Artikel werden auf der Homepage des Journals in der Verlagsfassung veröffentlicht.
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